Chapter 8 Confederation to Constitution Section One The

Chapter 8 Confederation to Constitution Section One The Confederation Era I Can describe the expansion of the nation and the development of the state governments.

Write these down and answer them with complete sentences. • 1. ) What did the American settlers find when they reached Kentucky? • 2. ) Why did the Articles of Confederation not take affect until 1781? • 3. ) What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do? • 4. ) Why did Massachusetts farmers rebel against their state legislature? • 5. ) How was the Northwest Ordinance different than the Land Ordinance of 1785?

1. ) What did the American settlers find when they reached Kentucky?

1. ) Answer • There were rich river valleys and large numbers of buffaloes. • There were also a few Native Americans who lived, hunted, and fished the area.

2. ) Why did the Articles of Confederation not take affect until 1781?

2. ) Answer • Some states refused to accept the Articles until states with Western land claims agreed to give up those claims. • By 1781, all of the states agreed that Congress should control the Western lands, and all states agreed to the Articles.

3. ) What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do?

3. ) Answer • It organized the Northwest Territory geographically into sixmile-square plots, called townships.

4. ) Why did Massachusetts farmers rebel against their state legislature?

4. ) Answer • The legislature did not pass debt relief, which would have helped the farmers. • In response, the farmers rebelled.

5. ) How was the Northwest Ordinance different than the Land Ordinance of 1785?

5. ) Answer • The Northwest Ordinance organized the Northwest Territory politically, instead of geographically. • It set rules for the settlement and government of the territories.

Articles of Confederation Notes I Can analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Turn to Page 206 Cornell Notes

Left Side of Cornell Notes • Right Side of Cornell Notes

A. ) The New Government • After the American Revolution the Articles of Confederation was the government in place for America.

1. ) Weaknesses • National Congress could not pass tax laws • All 13 states had to agree to change • 9 of 13 (almost 70%) had to vote yes to pass a law • No executive leader • Nation was deeply in debt from the Revolutionary War • Did not have the power to tax or enforce laws.

2. ) Strengths • Transitional Government-helped get through the Revolutionary War. • Encouraged settlers to move west of the Mountains. • Created 2 new territories: Northwest and Southwest

2 a. ) Passed the Northwest Ordinance • Plan to govern Northwest Territory. • Plan for territory to become states 5, 000 free men = Territorial Legislature and 60, 000 free men=can ask to become a state. • No slavery in the NW Territory • All 13 original states had to give up their claim to the western territory.

2 b. ) Ordinance of 1785 • Western land to be surveyed and sold for $1. 25 an acre. • Land divided into townships with 36 sections • One Section from each township set aside for a public school

3. ) Articles of Confederation Fail • Shay’s Rebellion-Farmers burn county courthouses destroying tax records. • Stopped by Massachusetts militia. • States frightened by weakness of the nation and call for a convention.

B. ) Constitutional Convention • Scrap the Articles of Confederation • Write the Constitution. • Goal was to balance the Convention called in Philadelphia to fix the weak Articles of Confederation. • Actually striving for rights of the individuals with the need for a strong national government that could ensure peace and order.

B. ) Constitutional Convention Continued • Chairman: George Washington • 55 Delegates from the States: Founding Fathers

I can distinguish between a antifederalist and a federalist. Answers to the 4 Circles

Shays Rebellion • Farmers were not capable of paying their taxes so their farms were repossessed. The farmers rebelled by burning important documents and then trying to take over a weapons depot. It took the Massachusetts Militia to come in and stop the rebellion. • Articles of Confederation had problems taxing the people of the 13 Colonies. • This also showed a weakness in the Articles by not being able to enforce laws.

War Debts • Without the ability to set and collect taxes the federal government could not pay off its war debts, including paying citizens who had helped to supply the troops. • More people started to believe that if the federal government was to be effective it needed the power of taxation

Trade Issues • Only 5 of the 13 colonies sent representation to the convention American trade policy suffered from a lack of direction. • People wanted the federal government to be able to make and enforce trade rules

Moving West • Now that the war is over people are now allowed to move westward which was not easy. • The Wilderness road was more like a trail than an actual road. • Tension with the Native Americans.

I Can identify key delegates to the Constitutional Convention Turn To Page 205 People Pages

1. ) Daniel Boone • 1775 • Helped build the Wilderness Road • Was apart of the movement to Kentucky.

2. ) Daniel Shays • 1787 • Revolutionary War Veteran who needed financial help from the government. • Shays Rebellion

3. ) Edmund Randolph • May 15, 1787 • Governor of Virginia • Attended the Constitutional Convention • Wanted to reform the government.

4. ) George Washington • 1787 -Delagate at the Constitutional Convention • 1789 -Becomes 1 st President of the United States. • A War Commander Veteran and Farmer.

5. ) Benjamin Franklin • 1787 Constitutional Convention Delegate • Scientist and Statesmen

6. ) James Madison • 1787 Constitutional Convention Delegate • Read over 100 books to prepare for the convention.

7. ) William Patterson • 1787 • New Jersey delegate, he responded to the Virginia Plan and presented the New Jersey Plan as an alternate.

8. ) Roger Sherman • 1787 • Delegate of Connecticut, proposed the Great Compromise.

9. ) Alexander Hamilton • 1787 Politician, who helped write the Federalist Papers, he showed people why they should support ratification.

10. ) John Jay • 1787 • Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Confederation Congress. • Helped write the Federalist Papers.

11. ) Patrick Henry • June 1787 • Member of the Virginian House of Burgesses. • Refused to vote for the Constitution until the Bill of Rights was added.

12. ) George Mason • June 1787 • Delegate to Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. • Opposed the signing of the final document until a Bill of Rights were to be added.

Section 3 Chapter 8 Ratifying the Constitution Answers to the Federalist vs. Antifederalist I Can identify the positions of the Federalist and Antifederalist.

Warm Up 1. ) Alexander Hamilton asked Congress to pass a law which dealt with tariffs in 1791. What are tariffs? • • A. ) Taxes B. ) Loans C. ) Savings Bonds D. ) Restrictions

1. ) What were the Federalists? • People who supported ratification of the Constitution.

2. ) Who were the Antifederalists? • People who opposed ratification of the Constitution.

3. ) Who were leading federalists? • Alexander Hamilton • James Madison • John Jay

4. ) Who were the leading Antifederalists? • George Mason • Patrick Henry

5. ) What reasons did the Federalists give to defend their views on the ratification • Removing some powers from the states and giving more powers to the national government. • Supported dividing the powers amongst the different branches of the government. • Also proposed to have a single person lead the executive branch.

6. ) What reasons did the Antifederalists give to defend their views on the Constitution? • Wanted important political powers to remain with the states. • They wanted the legislature to have more power than the executive. • They feared one individual might become a tyrant. • They demanded a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution to protect the rights of the individual person.