Chapter 7 The Operational Dimension Contents of Chapter

Chapter 7: The Operational Dimension

Contents of Chapter 7: • (Introduction of Military Interventions) • Preventive Operations • Planning for Military Intervention • Carrying Out Military Intervention • Following Up Military Intervention • A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations

Introduction • 7. 1: Military Intervention is different from: – Warfighting – Traditional Peacekeeping Operations • 7. 2: Requires more ‘robust’ action than the Traditional Peacekeeping • 7. 3: Military Intervention = the Last Resort

Preventive Operations • 7. 4: Two Categories of Preventive Military Operations – First is: ‘’Preventive Deployment’’ » (7. 5): Example of ‘’Preventive Deployment’’ = UNPREDEP in Macedonia (1992 -1999) – (7. 6): Second is: Deployed resources without actual intervention on the territory • 7. 7: IF both 1 and 2 fail then they may be turned into an Intervention Tool to begin Military Interventions

Planning for Military Intervention • 7. 8: Careful advance planning is required: + Military preventative actions + Post-conflict operations Coalition Building: • 7. 9: Multinational Coalitions have disadvantages and must be prepared for them • 7. 10: UNITAF, UNOSOM I, NATO, UNFROFOR, etc. • 7. 11: Common political resolve and common political military approach » 7. 12: Greatly important to stress BOTH

Contintued. . . Planning for Military Intervention Objectives: • 7. 13: ‘’coalition partners may well have different ideas about the objectives through intervention action. ’’ • 7. 14: ‘’Differences in objectives often emerge in discussion over the ‘exit strategy’. ’’

Contintued. . . Planning for Military Intervention Mandate: • 7. 15: Clear and unambiguous mandate = Most important requirement • 7. 16: Objective of Mandate = military commanders understanding their mission • 7. 17: Mandates will inevitably need to be adjusted to meet new demands during intervention

Contintued. . . Planning for Military Intervention Resources and Commitment: • 7. 18: Careful preparation of required resources • 7. 19: Level of Resources, Broad international support

Carrying Out Military Intervention Command Structure: • 7. 20: Unity of command is essential for the successful conduct of operations • 7. 21: Tight Political Control with Clear Objectives

Continued… Carrying Out Military Intervention Civil-Military Relations: • 7. 22: Tensions usually arise between collaboration of Military Forces, Civilian Authorities, and Humanitarian Agencies • 7. 23: Dedicated humanitarian organizations » 7. 24: Required military force may sometimes make it impossible for humanitarian workers to help • 7. 25: Attempts of Coordination, can also create additional turmoil

Continued… Carrying Out Military Intervention Applying Force: • 7. 30: The strategy of Surprise; not always possible • 7. 31: Amount of military power, ‘’The operation is not war but an operation to protect populations’’ • 7. 32: Compensation for disadvantages must be focused on during the beginning planning stages

Continued… Carrying Out Military Intervention Casualties: • 7. 33: Casualities caused by lost purpose of Responsibility to Protect Humanitarian Interests • 7. 34: Defense from intervening force is Important, but Should Not Be the Principle Objective

Continued… Carrying Out Military Intervention Media Relations: • 7. 35: Media will expose and give worldwide criticism to anyone that attempts to excessively use overwhelming military power • 7. 36: Media has an impact on enforcement and public support therefore, deadly force must be used at a tolerated level • 7. 37: Planning for Operation to Protect should include detailed sub-concept for public information

Following Up Military Intervention Transfer of Authority • 7. 38: Main Mission = to provide the safe environment necessary for the restoration of good governance and law • 7. 39: Transition of Responsibility from Military Authorities to the Civilian Authorities as soon as possible

Continued… Following Up Military Intervention Peacekeeping and Peace Building • 7. 40: Post-intervention requirement to remain engaged to sustain the peace and stability • 7. 41: Internal security challenge remaining = ‘’old’’ habits will return + immediate aftermaths spawn: » » Organized crime Revenge attacks Arms proliferation Looting and theft

Continued… Following Up Military Intervention Five Protection Tasks • 7. 42: Five Protection Tasks that emerge from postenforcement experiences; 1) Protection of Minorities • 7. 43: 2) Security Sector Reform: build up local authorities in the society and transfer knowledge and insights » 7. 44: Civilian Police = high priority for a society’s growth of stability

Continued… Following Up Military Intervention Five Protection Tasks continued… • 7. 45: 3) Disarmament, Demobilization, and reintegration » 7. 46: Consent/Voluntary Disarmament = challenged by issues » 7. 47: No doctrinal political and military descretion to pursue a coercive strategy for purpose of Disarmament and etc. • 7. 48: 4) Mine Action: » United Nations Mine Action Service » Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining » additional Mine Action Centres

Continued… Following Up Military Intervention Five Protection Tasks continued… • 7. 49: 5) The Pursuit of War Criminals; possible demand of military forces during/following these enforcement actions due to possible hostility

A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations 7. 50: Summary • Responsibility to Protect = Different from: » Traditional War-fighting » and UN Peacekeeping Operations • Close reference Chapter 4, ‘’Doctrine for Human Protection Operations’’ • Request for solution of the open ended: Coercive Intervention in Article 7. 47

A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations Continued… 7. 51: What the requested Doctrine of Coercive Intervention Should Include: – Clearly defined political objective with matching resources and rules of engagement (see Articles 7. 13 – 7. 14) – Politically controlled intervention with a specified military commander with a single military chain that follows with unity of purpose (see Article 7. 20) – Aim to enforce compliance, NOT for the purpose of defeat of the state; must have objective to protect and maintain the peace

A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations Continued… 7. 51: What the requested Doctrine of Coercive Intervention Should Include: – Guarantee maximum protection of the civilian population – Adherence to International Humanitarian Law – Defense of the intervening force should never take priority over resolve to accomplish the mission (see Article 7. 34) – Maximum coordination between Military Authorities, Civilian Authorities, and Humanitarian Organizations (see Article 7. 22)