Chapter 7 PHYSICAL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
- Slides: 15
Chapter 7 PHYSICAL & COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD Lecture Prepared by: Dr. M. Sawhney
Physical Changes � Body Growth & Change ◦ Children grow about 2. 5 inches in a year and gain 5 -7 pounds weight � Brain ◦ Increased Myelination ◦ Frontal Lobe
Nutrition � Overweight young children ◦ Influenced by eating habits of caregivers ◦ Increase in obesity rate, 12. 1%: 2009 -2010; 10. 4%: 2007 -2008 and 5%: 1976 -1980 (Ogden et al. , 2012) ◦ United States has second highest rate of obesity Malnutrition Developing countries face malnutrition as a norm Iron deficiency (anemia) is experienced by majority of children
Cognitive Development in Early childhood Piaget’s Preoperational Stage Vygotsky’s Theory Information Processing Theory
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage Symbolic function substage: I. ◦ Egocentrism: World is viewed only from the child’s perspective https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Oinq. Fgs. Ibh 0 ◦ Animism II. Intuitive thought substage Occurs between 4 -7 yrs of age Primitive Reasoning “Why? ” “How Come? ”
Limits of Preoperational Thought � Centration: Focusing attention on one characteristic and excluding the others � Lack of Conservation https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yt. LEWVu 815 o
Lack of Conservation A B Which row has more circles A B Which line is longer
Criticism of Piaget’s Theory � Underestimate children’s abilities � Cultural context is missing
Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development � Social interaction is the key to development � Zone of proximal development (ZPD) � Scaffolding: Help given by a skilled person to accomplish a task � Private Speech
Vygotsky vs. Piaget
Information Processing Theory § Attention: Focusing of mental resources on select information Executive attention Sustained attention • Attention deficiencies: Salient Vs. relevant dimensions Planfulness § Memory: Retention of information over time Short term memory: Information can be retained upto 30 seconds without rehearsal
Spot the difference
Executive Functioning � Cognitive inhibition � Cognitive � Goal flexibility setting � Delay of gratification � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yo 4 WF 3 c. Sd 9 Q &list=RDSc 4 EF 3 ij. VJ 8&index=2
Cognitive Inhibition: Stroop Task
Theory of Mind � Awareness of one’s own mental process and the mental processes of others ◦ ◦ ◦ Developmental changes Perceptions Emotions Desires False Beliefs http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 h. Lubgp. Y 2_w
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