Chapter 7 PHYSICAL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

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Chapter 7 PHYSICAL & COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD Lecture Prepared by: Dr. M.

Chapter 7 PHYSICAL & COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD Lecture Prepared by: Dr. M. Sawhney

Physical Changes � Body Growth & Change ◦ Children grow about 2. 5 inches

Physical Changes � Body Growth & Change ◦ Children grow about 2. 5 inches in a year and gain 5 -7 pounds weight � Brain ◦ Increased Myelination ◦ Frontal Lobe

Nutrition � Overweight young children ◦ Influenced by eating habits of caregivers ◦ Increase

Nutrition � Overweight young children ◦ Influenced by eating habits of caregivers ◦ Increase in obesity rate, 12. 1%: 2009 -2010; 10. 4%: 2007 -2008 and 5%: 1976 -1980 (Ogden et al. , 2012) ◦ United States has second highest rate of obesity Malnutrition Developing countries face malnutrition as a norm Iron deficiency (anemia) is experienced by majority of children

Cognitive Development in Early childhood Piaget’s Preoperational Stage Vygotsky’s Theory Information Processing Theory

Cognitive Development in Early childhood Piaget’s Preoperational Stage Vygotsky’s Theory Information Processing Theory

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage Symbolic function substage: I. ◦ Egocentrism: World is viewed only from

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage Symbolic function substage: I. ◦ Egocentrism: World is viewed only from the child’s perspective https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Oinq. Fgs. Ibh 0 ◦ Animism II. Intuitive thought substage Occurs between 4 -7 yrs of age Primitive Reasoning “Why? ” “How Come? ”

Limits of Preoperational Thought � Centration: Focusing attention on one characteristic and excluding the

Limits of Preoperational Thought � Centration: Focusing attention on one characteristic and excluding the others � Lack of Conservation https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yt. LEWVu 815 o

Lack of Conservation A B Which row has more circles A B Which line

Lack of Conservation A B Which row has more circles A B Which line is longer

Criticism of Piaget’s Theory � Underestimate children’s abilities � Cultural context is missing

Criticism of Piaget’s Theory � Underestimate children’s abilities � Cultural context is missing

Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development � Social interaction is the key to development � Zone of

Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development � Social interaction is the key to development � Zone of proximal development (ZPD) � Scaffolding: Help given by a skilled person to accomplish a task � Private Speech

Vygotsky vs. Piaget

Vygotsky vs. Piaget

Information Processing Theory § Attention: Focusing of mental resources on select information Executive attention

Information Processing Theory § Attention: Focusing of mental resources on select information Executive attention Sustained attention • Attention deficiencies: Salient Vs. relevant dimensions Planfulness § Memory: Retention of information over time Short term memory: Information can be retained upto 30 seconds without rehearsal

Spot the difference

Spot the difference

Executive Functioning � Cognitive inhibition � Cognitive � Goal flexibility setting � Delay of

Executive Functioning � Cognitive inhibition � Cognitive � Goal flexibility setting � Delay of gratification � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yo 4 WF 3 c. Sd 9 Q &list=RDSc 4 EF 3 ij. VJ 8&index=2

Cognitive Inhibition: Stroop Task

Cognitive Inhibition: Stroop Task

Theory of Mind � Awareness of one’s own mental process and the mental processes

Theory of Mind � Awareness of one’s own mental process and the mental processes of others ◦ ◦ ◦ Developmental changes Perceptions Emotions Desires False Beliefs http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 h. Lubgp. Y 2_w