Chapter 7 Operating Systems and Utility Programs Chapter

Chapter 7 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Chapter 7 Objectives Identify the types of system software Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems Describe the functions of an operating system Identify devices that use embedded operating systems Explain the purpose of the utilities included with most operating systems Explain the purpose of several stand-alone utility programs Next

System Software What is system software? Programs that control operation of computer Two types are operating systems and utility programs Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources p. 238 Next

Operating Systems What are the functions of an operating system? start the computer provide a user interface manage programs administer security manage memory control a network provide file management and other utilities p. 239 Fig. 7 -1 monitor performance establish an Internet connection schedule jobs and configure devices Next

Operating Systems What is a cross-platform application? Ø Runs identically on multiple operating systems § Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform Application Operating System/ Platform A p. 240 Operating System/ Platform B Operating System/ Platform C Operating System/ Platform D Next

Operating System Functions What is booting? Ø Process of starting or restarting a computer § § Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on Warm boot from Windows desktop Warm boot from system unit p. 240 Fig. 7 -2 Next

Operating System Functions What is a user interface? Ø Ø Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen With a command-line interface, a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions command-line interface p. 241 Fig. 7 -3 a Next

Operating System Functions What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? Ø User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons p. 241 Fig. 7 -3 b Next

Operating System Functions What is single user/ multitasking? Ø Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time § § p. 242 Fig. 7 -4 Foreground contains program you are using Background contains programs that are running but are not in use Next

Operating System Functions What are other program management features of operating systems? multiprocessing Can support two or more processors running programs at same time Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously multiuser fault-tolerant computer p. 242 Continues to operate when one of its components fails Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives Next

Operating System Functions What is memory management? Ø Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM p. 243 Next Ø

Operating System Functions How does an operating system schedule jobs? Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority A job is operation the processor manages p. 243 Receiving data from input device Sending information to output device Processing instructions Transferring items between storage and memory Next

Operating System Functions What is spooling? Ø Ø Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer Print jobs line up in queue p. 244 Fig. 7 -5 Next

Operating System Functions What is a driver? Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device p. 244 Driver With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them Next

Operating System Functions How do you establish an Internet connection? Ø Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard § p. 245 Fig. 7 -6 Guides user through setting up connection between computer and Internet Next

Operating System Functions How does an operating system monitor performance? Ø p. 245 Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices Next

Operating System Functions What is a network operating system? Ø Ø Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user p. 245 Fig. 7 -7 Next

Operating System Utility Programs What is a utility program? Ø System software that performs maintenance-type tasks § p. 247 Fig. 7 -8 Also called utility Next

Operating System Utility Programs What is a file manager? Ø Ø Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it p. 248 Figs. 7 -9– 710 Next

Operating System Utility Programs What is an uninstaller? Removes a program and all associated files p. 249 Next

Operating System Utility Programs What is a disk scanner? Ø Ø p. 249 Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk Searches for and removes unnecessary files Next

Operating System Utility Programs What is a disk defragmenter? Ø Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster fragmented disk file before defragmenting file after defragmenting p. 249 Fig. 7 -11 Next

Operating System Utility Programs What is a diagnostic utility? Ø Ø Compiles technical information about hardware and some software Prepares report outlining problems What is a backup utility? Ø Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape Ø Most compress files during backup to require less storage space p. 249 Next

Operating System Utility Programs What is a screen saver? Ø Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time Ø To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate p. 250 Fig. 7 -12 Next

Types of Operating Systems What are three categories of operating systems? Embedded Network Stand-alone p. 250 Next

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? Developed in early 1980 s for personal computers Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI p. 251 D Used command-line O S interface when first developed, later included menus Next

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Windows XP? Ø Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system Ø Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64 -bit Edition p. 251 Fig. 7 -14 Next

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Mac OS X? Ø Ø Available only for computers manufactured by Apple Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs p. 253 Fig. 7 -16 Next

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is UNIX? Ø Ø Ø Used by power users because of its flexibility and power Most versions offer GUI Both a stand-alone and a network operating system p. 253 Fig. 7 -17 Next

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Linux? Ø Ø Ø Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Open-source software — code is available to public Both a stand-alone and a network operating system e Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. p. 254 Fig. 7 -18 Next

Network Operating Systems What are examples of network operating systems? Net. Ware Designed for client/server networks Windows Server 2003 Unix and Linux Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server Multi-purpose operating system Solaris § Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems § Specifically for e-commerce applications p. 255 Next

Embedded Operating Systems What is an embedded operating system? Ø Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices Ø Windows CE. NET is scaled-down version of Windows Ø Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC Ø Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE p. 255 Fig. 7 -19 Next

Embedded Operating Systems What is Symbian OS? Ø Ø p. 255 Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more Next

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a virus? Ø Ø Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without user’s knowledge SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION p. 256 Fig. 7 -20 Next

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is an antivirus program? Ø Ø Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently p. 256 Fig. 7 -21 Next

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a personal firewall? Ø Ø Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions Monitors all transmissions to and from computer p. 257 Fig. 7 -22 Next

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a file compression utility? Ø Ø Ø Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Two popular utilities: PKZIP and Win. Zip p. 257 Fig. 7 -23 Next

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a personal computer maintenance utility? Ø Ø Identifies and fixes operating system problems and disk problems Some continuously monitor computer to identify problems before they occur p. 258 Fig. 7 -24 Next

Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs Define an operating system Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems, and embedded operating systems Discuss the functions common to most operating systems Describe several stand-alone utility programs Introduce several utility programs commonly found in operating systems Chapter 7 Complete