CHAPTER 7 Medieval Empires and Borderlands Byzantium and

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam I. Byzantium: the Survival of the Roman Empire II. The New World of Islam Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam I. Byzantium: the Survival of the Roman Empire Justinian (527 -565) A. Challenges invaders from Eurasian steppes Avars 6 th - 9 th centuries Slavs subjected Czechs, Samo revolt Slavs c. 550, cross Danube to Croatia, Serbia 626, Slavs and Avars Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and Transformations attack Constantinople Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam I. Byzantium: the Survival of the Roman Empire A. Challenges Bulgars subject Balkans in 8 th Khan Krum (808814) defeats Byzantines, assassinates emperor Khan Boris (852 -889) converts to Orthodoxy Cyril (c. 826 -869) and Methodius (815 -885) new alphabet translate Christian liturgy by 1018, Bulgaria again part of Eastern Empire Rus Kiev Vladimir the Great Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam I. Byzantium: the Survival of the Roman Empire B. Western Provinces Exarchate of Carthage Spain lost to Visigoths, 630's North Africa, conquered by Arabs, 698 Exarchate of Ravenna falls, 751 C. Eastern Adversaries Persia Chosroes II 602, new attack 614, takes Antioch Heraclius (610 -641) defeats Chosroes, 628 Islam Leo II (717 - Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam I. Byzantium: the Survival of the Roman Empire D. Byzantine Civilization Administration Emperor state monopolies Themes - 4 increasingly E. Macedonian Renaissance Macedonian dynasty (867 -1056) Basil I (867 -886) names successor Economy Constantinople, . 5 million Art end of iconoclasm autonomous later subdivided Church Photius (810 -c. 893) Patriarch historian Library clerical hierarchy Constantine VII Porphyrogenetus (912 -959) On the Administration of the Empire Patriarch bishops Iconoclasm Basil II 1025, dies without heir Leo III (717 -741) > split with Levack et al. , The. Rome West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam II. The New World of Islam A. Arabs before Islam Arabic Commerce, herding Petra taken by 100 B. C. E. Tribal organization Religion polytheism, monotheism Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam II. The New World of Islam B. The Rise of Islam Muhammad (c. 570 -632) Quraysh Mecca Kaaba marries Khadija Revelation Qur'an 622, to Medina Hijra conflict with Jews 630, takes Mecca Teachings Islam = submission 5 Pillars Accept God and Muhammad as his prophet Prayer communaland prayer Levack et al. , The. Friday West: Encounters Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam II. The New World of Islam C. Succession Abu Bakr (632 -634) father in law Sunnism Ali husband of D. Umayyad Caliphate, 661 -750 "House of Islam" v. "House of War" Sweep west 632, Poitiers stopped by Charles Martel 661, treaty with Nubians China 751, Battle of Talas Fatima, daughter of Muhammad Shi'ites Wars of Apostasy Umar (634 -644) second Rashidun attacks Byzantine and Persian empires takes Syria, 636 Ctesiphon, 637 Egypt and Government Muawiya (661 -680) hereditary monarchy Authority no longer by consent > civil war, 683 -692 Administration Arabic New towns: Fustat, Kairouan, Basra Persia Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and. War, Transformations Civil 655 -661 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam II. The New World of Islam E. Abbasid Caliphate, 750 -945 (D. Umayyad Caliphate, 661750) Conversion People of the Book Economy Baghdad, 762 -763 new orientation Height, 754 -861 Arabian Nights Harun al-Rashid (786 -809) al-Mamun (813 -833) Baghdad observatory al-Kindi (d. after 870) trade land tax dirham, dinar End of the Umayyad 750, last caliph dies Abbasids from Shah Abbas Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and Transformations Muhammad's uncle Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 7: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam II. The New World of Islam F. Europe Sicily immigration, 703 -1060 Spain Córdoba, largest city in Europe Abd al -Rahman III (912 -961) Madinat az-Zahra Hasdai ibn Shaprut (915 -970) Samuel ibn Nagrela (993 -1055) Navarre Sancho I (1000 -1035) conquests 1035, divided Levack et al. , The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007