Chapter 7 Margin Review Questions How did the

Chapter 7 Margin Review Questions

How did the history of Meroë and Axum reflect interaction with neighboring civilizations? • Both Meroë and Axum traded extensively with neighboring civilizations. • Both Meroë and Axum developed their own distinct writing scripts. • Axum adopted Christianity from the Roman world in the fourth century C. E. , primarily through Egyptian influence, and the region once controlled by Meroë also adopted Christianity in the 340 s C. E.

In what ways did the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples stimulate cross-cultural interaction? • Bantu-speaking peoples brought agriculture to regions of Africa south of the equator. • They brought parasitic and infectious diseases. • Brought iron • Bantu-speaking peoples participated in networks of exchange with forest-dwelling Batwa (Pygmy) peoples.

• Bantu farmers in East Africa increasingly adopted grains as well as domesticated sheep and cattle. • They also acquired a variety of food crops from Southeast Asia, including coconuts, sugarcane, and especially bananas.

With what Eurasian civilizations might the Maya be compared? • Because of its fragmented political structure, classical Maya civilization more closely resembled the competing city-states of Mesopotamia or classical Greece than the imperial structures of Rome, Persia, or China.

In what ways did Teotihuacán shape the history of Mesoamerica? • Its military conquests brought many regions into its political orbit and made Teotihuacán a presence in the Maya civilization. • It was at the center of a large trade network. • The architectural and artistic styles of the city were imitated across Mesoamerica.

What kind of influence did Chavín exert in the Andes region? • Architecture, sculpture, pottery, religious images, and painted textiles were widely imitated in the region. • Became a pilgrimage site and perhaps a training center for initiates. • The Chavín religious cult provided for the first time and for several centuries a measure of economic and cultural integration to much of the Peruvian Andes.

What features of Moche life characterize it as a civilization? • Moche civilization dominated a 250 -mile stretch of Peru’s northern coast, incorporated thirteen river valleys, and flourished for seven hundred years beginning in 100 C. E. • Economy was rooted in a complex irrigation system that required constant maintenance. • Politically, the civilization was governed by warrior-priests, who sometimes lived atop huge pyramids

In what ways were the histories of the Ancestral Pueblo and the Mound Builders similar to each other, and how did they differ? • Their settlements were linked into trading networks, and they also participated in longdistance exchange. • Both created structures to track the heavens. • Both adopted maize from Mesoamerica.

• Mound Builders participated in an independent Agricultural Revolution and continued to supplement their diets by gathering and hunting until maize arrived from Mesoamerica after 800 C. E. • Ancestral Pueblo peoples acquired maize from Mesoamerica much earlier and settled into a more fulltime agricultural culture earlier in their development.

• MB created larger monumental architecture both in their burial mounds and in their geometrical earthworks. • AP people did create kivas as ceremonial centers and networks of roads that may have had religious significance. • The largest mound-building settlements, like Cahokia, were far larger urban centers than those of the Ancestral Pueblo. • AP society started later and did not last as long.