Chapter 7 Energy from Fossil Fuels Oil Distribution

Chapter 7 - Energy from Fossil Fuels Oil: Distribution, Politics and Spills Natural Gas Coal

Energy in the News The Political Price of Mid-Eastern Oil

Fossil Fuels: The Major Energy Source 90% of commercial energy resources come from fossil fuels Reserves: proven reserves, indicated reserves, inferred reserves Resources: total amount of the fossil fuel in the world. How do you define reserves vs resources? Some states tax reserves: better to underestimate them for tax purposes

World Oil Reserves Who has the most proven oil reserves? Brown=rest of world, Orange=USA+Western countries, Blue=Former Soviet Union, Green= OPEC

King Huppert Oil Depletion Curve If price goes up, When is half of The oil gone? If price stays low, When is half of the Oil gone?

World Oil and Gas Production Conventional production Methods, when is half of the oil and gas gone? Non conventional production methods, when is half of the oil and gas gone? What does this tell you About your old age?

World Oil Production by Region Where is the most Oil produced?

Oil Consumption Who consumes the most Per capita? Why?

Another Way to Look at It

Distribution of USA Oil Use Which sector Uses the most oil? Why is there a hump In the curve?

Distillation of Crude Oil

Products of Oil Distillation

Simple Distillation vs Refinery Yield How are the refinery yields different? What is there more of? Why are the refinery yields different? (What is the incentive for the Difference in yields? )

Politics of Oil Pipelines Tengiz in Kazachstan: Largest old field found In the last 10 years. Why would Russia not Support this pipeline? Bosporus (fault, tankers) (James Bond movie)

Structural Traps What type of structural trap is This? 3 major types of structural Traps: Need permeability and Porosity as well as structural Traps. (impact craters: Hydrofracturing)

Hazards of Oil Production Oil Spills: Exxon Valdez (fragility of cold environments 0 Largest oil spill during Persian Gulf War Pumping out tanks: Beaches in Italy with petroleum balls

Primary Recovery range 1/5 to 1/3 of the Oil. Pump more slowly And get more oil Why? Think about Architecture of Oil storage

Secondary Recovery Two methods: Water and Gas Injection

Tertiary Recovers up to 50% of original oil with secondary And primary recovery

End Uses of Natural Gas in USA

Natural Gas Use Since 1930

Where Natural Gas is Found Natural Gas forms From breakdown of Oil at high temperatures Associated gas: with Oil Unassociated gas: Without oil Deep earth gas hypothesis (Tom Gold)

Pipelines for Natural Gas What States produce The most Natural gas? How can You tell from This picture?

Global Coal Reserves What four regions have the most coal?

Types of Coal and Energy Content

US: Coal Consumption by Sector What sector consumes the Most coal? How does this Contrast with the distribution Of gas and oil use?

Coal Deposits of the USA Based on Btu yield Per unit weight, Which are the Most valuable coal Deposits?

Coal Strip Mining Shovel How big is this Shovel? (Look at trucks Beneath the shovel) (Pennsylvania: RT 80)

Petrochemicals in Everyday Life Alarm clock: coated chips Perfume: aromatic hydrocarbons Sheets: formaldehyde in non-wrinkling sheets Gargle: Listerine has a relative of phenol Toothpaste: contains benzene, chloroform, glycerol Shampoo; mineral oil is from petroleum Aspirin: derived from phenol Antiseptics: petroleum derivatives Muffin: fertilizer, propylene glycol preserves moistness