CHAPTER 7 Diseases and Disorders of the Blood

CHAPTER 7 Diseases and Disorders of the Blood BIO 131 NEIT

Diagnostic procedures for Blood Diseases • Blood testing • Bone marrow aspiration • WBC counts • Total • Differential • HCT and Hgb • Blood chemistry • Coagulation times

Anemia • Reduced ability to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues • Sx • Dx • Untreated anemia may progress to death from heart failure or cardiovascular collapse or shock.

Iron Deficiency Anemia • Most common cause of anemia • Without enough iron, the body fails to synthesize hemoglobin • Etiology • Tx The blood in iron deficiency anemia. A. Normal blood smear. B. Blood smear in iron deficiency anemia. The red cells are small (microcytic) and pale (hypochromic)

Anemia of Chronic Disease • 2 nd leading cause of anemia worldwide • Result of chronic inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases • Erythropoiesis doesn’t happen properly • Must treat underlying cause Anemia due to Kidney Disease

Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Anemia/Pernicious Anemia • See Discussion Board for this disease

Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia • Usually due to: • decreased intake of fruits and vegetables, • due to increased demands during pregnancy • Crohn’s disease • Certain meds • Tx - supplements

Hemoglobinopathies Sickle Cell Anemia Thalassemia • Genetic • Inherited • Abnormal form of • Can be severe, life- hemoglobin • Hemolysis threatening

Disorders of Hemostasis: Thrombocytopenia • Platelet deficiency • Causes: • Chemo, radiation • Sx: • Petechiae • Ecchymosis • Epistaxis • Internal hemorrhage • Tx: • Splenectomy

Disorders of Hemostasis: Hemophilia • See discussion board for this disease

Disorders of Hemostasis: DIC • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation • Complication of sepsis or infection, shock, difficulty during child delivery, cancer • Clotting and bleeding • DIC

Leukemia • WBC cancer • WBC count up to 1 million • Types • Acute lymphocytic • Acute myelogenous • Signs/symptoms • Lymphadenopathy • Arthralgia • Splenomegaly • Hepatomegaly • Tx

Leukemia