Chapter 7 8 Bones Joints Long bone structures

Chapter 7 & 8 Bones & Joints

Long bone structures

Bone Parts

Bone types § Long – arm, finger; red and yellow marrow § All others have red only § Short – wrist, ankle § Flat – scapula, cranial § Irregular – vertebrae

Osteon

Building/Maintaining bone § Intramembranous Ossification § Endochondral Ossification

Fetal Skull

Maintenance - Osteoclast

Maintenance - Osteoblast

Spongy bone - trabeculae Normal trabeculae Osteoporosis trabeculae

Bone break classification § Open vs. closed § Complete vs. incomplete § Displaced vs. nondisplaced

Incomplete - Greenstick fracture

Complete - Comminuted fracture

Complete - Comminuted

Complete Comminuted

Complete, Open - Comminuted

Linear - Incomplete

Complete, transverse, displaced

Complete, transverse, displaced

Complete, transverse, displaced

Complete, transverse, displaced

Complete, oblique, displaced

Complete, oblique, displaced

Complete - Spiral fracture

Tougher to classify…

Colles’ fracture

Potts’ Fracture

Avulsion § Torn off!

Bone Healing

Bone Disorders

Osteoporosis

Osteomalacia (Rickets)

Paget’s Disease trabeculae Paget’s x-ray Normal xray

Histiocytosis

Osteomyelitis

Joint Classification § Structural § Fibrous – fibers connect § Suture § Gomphosis § Syndesmosis § Cartilaginous – special cartilage connects § Synchondrosis - yellow § Symphysis - blue § Synovial – cartilage, fluid (sprain) § Monaxial § Biaxial § Multiaxial

Suture (fibrous)

Gomphosis (fibrous)

Syndesmosis (fibrous)

Synchondrosis (cartilaginous)

Symphysis (cartilaginous)

Synovial (diarthritic)

Synovial types Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial

Joint Classification § Functional – EASY! S. A. D. § Synarthrosis – no movement § Amphiarthrosis – somewhat moving § Diarthrosis – freely moving

Joint Disorders § § § sprain – stretched/torn ligament cartilage – won’t repair dislocation bursitis – inflammation of synovial joint tendonitis – swelling of tendon arthritis – swelling of joints § § § osteoarthritis – bone erosion; common rheumatoid – immune system attacks cartilage; women 3 X more than men gouty – uric acid deposits in joints, bones fuse; women > men

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Gouty Arthritis

Review Time! § Description of osteon structures § Classify bone breaks from description § Classify joint from description § § § Structural AND/OR functional Describe 2 types of bone growth Diagram and discuss parts of osteon Label long bone structures Discuss different bone & joint disorders Lab practical: § X-ray § Joints § Bone structures