Chapter 68 Antivirals and Antiprotozoal Agents Mosby items

Chapter 68 Antivirals and Antiprotozoal Agents Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 1

Drug Overview Antivirals–Antiherpes Ø Antivirals–Antiinfluenza Ø Ø acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir General antiviral Neuraminidase inhibitors Antiprotozoal Ø Ø Ø metronidazole tinidazole chloroquine Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2

Drug Overview Indications acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, and penciclovir Ø amantadine, rimantadine Ø zanamivir, oseltamivir Ø metronidazole, tinidazole Ø chloroquine Ø Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3

Mechanism of Action Antivirals Ø Ø Ø acyclovir and famciclovir amantadine and rimantadine zanamivir and oseltamivir Antiprotozoals Ø Ø metronidazole chloroquine Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 4

Treatment Principles Standardized Guidelines Ø See World Health Organization, www. worldhealth/int Evidence-Based Recommendations Cardinal Points of Treatment Ø Ø Ø Herpes simplex and zoster Antiinfluenza Antiprotozoals Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5

Treatment Principles Pharmacologic Treatment Ø Ø Herpes simplex treatment Herpes zoster treatment Antiinfluenza drugs Antiprotozoal drugs • metronidazole • chloroquine Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 6

Treatment Principles How to Monitor Ø Ø Antivirals Antiprotozoals Patient Variables Ø Ø Ø Geriatrics Pediatrics Pregnancy and lactation Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 7

Treatment Principles Patient Education Ø Antivirals • Antiherpes agents amantadine, rimantadine zanamivir • Antiprotozoals metronidazole chloroquine Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 8

Antivirals acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), valacyclovir (Valtrex) Ø Ø Ø Ø Contraindications Warnings Precautions Pharmacokinetics Adverse effects Drug interactions Dosage and administration Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 9

Antiinfluenza Agents amantadine (Symmetrel), rimantadine (Flumadine) Ø Ø Contraindications Warnings Precautions Overdosage Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10

Antiinfluenza Agents zanamivir (Relenza), oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Ø Ø Contraindications Warnings Precautions Dosage and administration Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11

Antiprotozoal Agents zanamivir (Relenza), oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Ø Ø Ø Ø Contraindications Warnings Precautions Pharmacokinetics Drug interactions Overdosage Dosage and administration Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12

Antiprotozoal Agents chloroquine (Plaquenil) Ø Ø Ø Contraindications Warnings Dosage and administration Adverse effects Overdosage Precautions Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2004 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13