Chapter 6 The world of Islam 600 1500

Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)

Section 1: The Rise of Islam The Arabs � Arabian Peninsula �Arabs Sheikh Allah The Black Stone Kaaba, in the city of Makkah (Mecca).

Section 1: The Rise of Islam The Life of Muhammad � Muhammad Khadija Revelations from God. angel Gabriel Quran Islam Muslims Madinah (Medina) Hijrah Bedouin Hajj

Section 1: The Rise of Islam The Teachings of Muhammad Islam Monotheistic Salvation and an afterlife � Muhammad Preacher but not divine � Five Pillars of Islam � Belief Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage Shari’ ah � Other principles of behavior

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors Creation of an Arab Empire � Abu Bakr Caliph � Arab Conquest Jihad Arab Rule Madinah After Abu Bakr Conquered territories Muslim administrators were tolerant

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors The Umayyads � 661 – Mu’awiyah, the governor of Syria became Caliph � Calipahate hereditary within his family � Established the Umayyad Dynasty – capital from Madinah to Damascus, Syria � Conquests 8 th Century North Africa –Berbers 710 – Strait of Gibraltar � Split in Islam The Umayyad Dynasty Revolt in Iraq Led by Hussein, son of Ali, the Son-in-law of Muhammad The revolt led to split in Islam Shia Sunni

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors The Abbasid Dynasty � In 750, Abu al-‘Abbas, descendant of Muhammad’s uncle, overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty � Abbasid Rule new capital in Bagdad influence from the Persians ideal citizens Harun al-Rashid al-Ma’mun Trade routes The bureaucracy of the Caliph Vizier, advised the Caliph � Decline and Division Problems did exist Rulers within the Empire would break away from the empire

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors Seljuk Turks and the Crusades � The Fatimids � The Seljuk Turks Nomadic people from central Asia Sultan – “holder of power” The battle of Manzikert in 1071 � The Crusades The Byzantine Emperor Alexius I 1169 – Saladin

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors The Mongols � Nomadic tribe, horse riding and very destructive � 1258 – Hulegu strong hatred of Islam Mamluks Eventually Islam the Mongols in the region converted to

Section 3: Islamic Civilization Prosperity in the Islamic World � Trade was a key � Morocco � Role of the Cities Great Cities: Bagdad, Iran – Abbasid Dynasty Cairo, Egypt, - Fatimids Dynasty Damascus, Syria – Umayyad Dynasty Islamic cities were distinctive – Impressive structures were palaces, of the caliphs, and Mosques Bazaars – covered market The Importance of Farming

Section 3: Islamic Civilization Islamic Society � Politics, economics, and social life are all covered in Islamic Teachings � Social Structure All Muslim people are equal in the eyes of Allah Non-Muslims were not equal Slaves would serve in the military Slave women were domestic servants Islamic law stated that slaves should be treated fairly and should eventually be able to gain their freedom

Section 3: Islamic Civilization � The Role of Women Quran – men and women were spiritual and social equals Women Family and society All women had a male guardian (Adult family member) Men had to pay a dowry Older customs

Section 4: The Culture of Islam Philosophy, Science and History � Arabs – Translated Greek philosophy – Plato and Aristotle into Arabic � Preservation of Knowledge � Islamic Advancements Islamic Scholars Ibn-Rushd Scholars – contributions in mathematics and sciences Numerical system Astronomy Astrolabe Medicine Ibn Sina History Ibn-Khaldun § Muqaddimah

Section 4: The Culture of Islam � Literature Omar Kyayyam (KY-YAHM) – wrote Rubaiyat and The 1001 Nights also called The Arabian Nights – a collection of folktales, fables and romance. Story of Aladdin and the magic lamp was added later along with other stories

Section 4: The Culture of Islam � Art and Architecture Mix of Arab, Persian, and Turkish Art in their Architecture Mosques Samarra Mosque Minaret muezzin Palaces Alhambra Art