Chapter 6 The Presidency As head of the

Chapter 6: The Presidency As head of the executive branch of the United States, the president fills both informal and formal roles and wields power that affects our government at every level.

Section 1: The President The Constitution gives only a brief description of the president’s qualifications and powers. Yet the job is vast and complex, as the president must fulfill many roles.

Do Now What do you think a president of the United States actually does?

Learning Goals Learning Objectives Roles of the president. Formal characteristics of the presidency. Informal qualifications for the presidency. Essential Question What are the formal and informal powers of the presidency?

I. Roles of the President A. Official Roles i. Chief Executive: Laws implemented ii. Commander in Chief: Order troops into action. iii. Foreign Policy: Plans relations with other countries. a. Diplomacy: Art of negotiating. B. Unofficial Roles i. Chief of State: Symbolic figurehead ii. Party Leader: Shapes party platform iii. Chief Citizen: Models of good citizenship

II. Formal Characteristics of the Presidency A. Written Qualifications i. 35 yrs. Old ii. Lived in U. S. for 14 yrs. iii. Natural-born U. S. citizen B. Term of Office i. ii. 2 four-year terms 22 nd Amendment 1951 C. Election to Office i. Electoral College (538) D. Succession i. ii. Process of who comes after Vice Prez, Speaker, Pro tempore, Sec. State E. Salary & Benefits i. $400, 000/yr & travel, staff, insurance

III. Unwritten Qualifications A. Presidential Backgrounds i. Well-educated, Christian ii. White, upper-class iii. 75% military background B. Personal Qualities i. Communicator ii. Confident, poised, charismatic iii. Calm, controlled

IV. Exit Slip 1. The official roles of the president are outlined by 2. Which of the following is an unofficial role of the president? 3. The Framers originally set the term of office for president at 4. Which of the following ay behind the creation of the electoral college? 5. Who is first in line of succession to the presidency?

Section 2: The Powers of the Presidency The powers of the presidency, outlined in Article II of the Constitution, are vast and have grown throughout the history of the United States. They are, however, checked by the other branches of government.

Do Now If you were president, what is one power that you would want? Why would you want this specific power and what could you do with it?

Learning Goals Learning Objectives 1. Executive powers of the Essential Question president. Who has the 2. Diplomatic and military power to powers of the president. declare war 3. Presidential exercise of and send legislative & judicial powers. troops into 4. Informal powers of the combat? president.

I. Executive Powers A. Appointment & Removal i. Appoints over 3, 000 people & can remove them Formal rule or regulation instructing executive B. Executive Orders i. branch officials on how to carry out their jobs. C. Executive Privilege i. Refuse to release info to Congress or a court. D. Diplomatic Powers i. Diplomatic Recognition: Formally recognize the legitimacy of a foreign gov’t. E. Military Powers i. ii. Send troops for 60 -90 days w/out Congressional consent. Troops sent over 200 times but only 5 wars.

II. Legislative & Judicial Powers A. Legislative Powers B. Judicial Powers: Nominate judges i. Proposes budget & legislation & alter sentences. i. Reprieve: Postpones the carrying out of a sentence. ii. Pardon: Releases a convicted criminal from having to fulfill a sentence. iii. Amnesty: Grants a group of offenders a general pardon. iv. Commute: Reduce a person’s sentence.

III. Informal & Change A. Informal Powers i. Public Attention ii. Party leadership B. Checks i. Judicial Review ii. Veto override iii. Public Opinion C. First 100 Years i. Congress was powerful and Prez accepted. D. Prez. Power Expands i. Civil War, Great Depression, 1960 s.

1. As chief executive, the president can issue _____________, formal rules that tell officials in the executive branch how to carry out their jobs. (pardons/executive orders) 2. The president may refuse to disclose information to Congress or a court by claiming the right of _____________. (executive privilege/executive immunity) 3. The president’s treaty-making power is limited by _____________. (the Supreme Court/Congress) 4. _____________ refers to the president’s power to formally recognize the legitimacy of another nation. (Executive privilege/ Diplomatic recognition) 5. The president’s main legislative power, the power to refuse to sign bills into law, is known as the _____________. (check/veto)

Sec. 3: The President’s Administration The president leads a large team of people who help carry out the duties of the office. This team includes a staff of advisers, the vice president, and members of the cabinet.

Do Now What do you think the president’s staff does? What job would you like if you worked for the president?

Learning Goal Learning Objectives 1. Duties of the Executive Office of the President. 2. The changing role of the Vice President. 3. How the cabinet works with the President. Essential Question What do you think would be the most important quality to have in a cabinet member?

I. Executive office of the President A. Administration: All the people who work for the executive branch. B. Executive Office of the President: Offices that help the president formulate policy. C. White House Office: President’s key personal & political staff. A. Chief of Staff: Manages the everyday operations of the White House. D. National Security Council: Top military, foreign affairs, & intelligence officials. E. Council of Economic Advisers: Expert analysis of the economy. F. Office of Management & Budget: Help develop the federal budget & its execution.

II. The Vice President A. Official Duties i. Presides over the Senate ii. Counting electoral college votes iii. Assume presidency if needed. B. 12 th Amendment i. Separate ballots for vice president elections C. Modern Vice Presidents i. Make policy ii. Carry out programs

III. The Cabinet A. Heads of the executive departments that advise the president. B. Executive Departments: Carry out laws, administer programs, & make regulations. C. Not mentioned in the Constitution i. Washington had Depts. Of State, War, Treasury, and Attorney General. ii. 16 Official positions today.

1. Person who manages the everyday operations of the White House Office 2. Advisory committee made up of heads of the executive departments 3. All of the people who work for the executive branch 4. Group that provides the president with expert analysis of the economy 5. Organization that helps develop the federal budget 6. Serves as president if the president cannot do the job