Chapter 6 Prokaryote Cells with no nucleus nucleoid

Chapter 6

� Prokaryote �Cells with no nucleus nucleoid �Simple and small �Bacteria � Eukaryote �Cells with many organelles �Large and complex �Has a nucleus �Protists, fungi, plants, animals

� All cells have… �Cell (plasma) membrane �Cytosol (cytoplasm) �Chromosomes �Ribosomes � In eukaryotes… �Membrane-bound organelles Segregate reactions into compartments…allows incompatible processes to be completed at same time

� As size increases so does volume of a cell � Limits how large cells can get � Smaller objects have a greater surface area to volume ratio � Size helps to explain shape as it relates to function…goal is to increase surface area � Larger organisms have more cells…not larger ones.

� Energy is required for cells to perform necessary tasks…all energy ultimately comes from the sun � Energy capturing/producing � Chemosynthesis (autotroph) Carbon dioxide or methane converted to sugars using hydrogen sulfide instead of sunlight � Photosynthesis (autotroph) Carbon dioxide converted to sugars using sunlight and water � Cell strategies respiration (autotroph/heterotroph) Sugars broken down using oxygen

� Know the function of the following… �Ribosome �Smooth ER �Rough ER �Golgi �Mitochondria �Lysosome �Vacuole �Chloroplast �Nucleus �Cell Wall �Cell Membrane