Chapter 6 Oral Medication Labels and Dosage Calculation
Chapter 6 Oral Medication Labels and Dosage Calculation Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®
• http: //instructors. coursesmart. com/9781111 540913/firstsection#X 2 lud. GVybm. Fs. X 0 J 2 Z GVw. Rmxhc 2 h. SZWFk. ZXI/e. G 1 sa. WQ 9 OTc 4 MTEx. MTU 0 MDkx. My 81 NA== Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 2
Average Doses • Most oral dosages consist of half to three tablets or capsules or half to double the m. L volume in liquid medications. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -3
Safety Points • Question any prescriptions that require unusual number of tablets or capsules. – More than three • Be mindful of errors in prescribing, transcribing, or calculating. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -4
Solid Oral Drug Preparations • Tablets • Scored tablets – Indented marking to make breaking for partial drug dosages easier and more accurate (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -5
Solid Oral Drug Preparations (cont’d) • Enteric coated tablets – Delayed absorption until medication reaches small intestine • Capsules – Powdered or oily medications in gelatin cover (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -6
Solid Oral Drug Preparations (cont’d) • Sustained or controlled-release capsules – Action of medication spread over prolonged period of time Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -7
Tablet and Capsule Labels • Unit dosage label in which each tablet or capsule is packaged separately – Most common label in clinical setting (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -8
Tablet and Capsule Labels (cont’d) • Each drug has only one official name but may have several trade names, created by the companies that produce them. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -9
Drug Label Information • Trade or brand name – Capitalized • Generic or official name – Lowercase • Strength in metric measure – Always has unit of measure (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -10
Drug Label Information (cont’d) • Manufacturers are continuing to correct the following on drug labels: – “gr” for gram, which is being eliminated from use in health care – Inserting a space between the dosage and the unit of measure, such as “ 500 mg” instead of “ 500 mg” (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -11
Drug Label Information (cont’d) • Manufacturer • Lot number • Expiration date – Must check before administering Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -12
Other Label Information • If drug is in a multiple dose container, number of tablets or capsules in container will be on label. • United States Pharmacopeia (USP) or National Formulary (NF) may be on multiple dose containers. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -13
Caution • Learn to question orders for more than 3 tablets or capsules. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -14
• Now do Problems 6. 1 on p. 57 in your notebook. • Then do Problems 6. 2 on p. 58 in your notebook • And Problems 6. 4 and 6. 5 on p. 60 Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 15
Liquid Oral Medications • In addition to aforementioned label information, labels for liquid oral medications state dosage strength in both: – Unit of measure • For example, mg, mcg, g, etc. – Amount of dosage strength in m. L of fluid (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -16
Liquid Oral Medications (cont’d) • Smaller volumes may be measured in oral or hypodermic (without needle) syringes. • Larger volumes are usually measured in calibrated medication cup: – 20 m. L or more Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -17
• Now do Problems 6. 7, 6. 8, 6. 9 beginning on p. 64. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 18
Multiple Drug Preparations • Preparations containing multiple drugs list name and dosage of each drug. – For example, Percocet™ contains oxycodone 5 mg and acetaminophen 325 mg (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -19
Multiple Drug Preparations (cont’d) • Tablets and capsules that contain more than one drug are usually prescribed by trade name and number of tablets/capsules to be given. – For example, Percocet™ 5 mg Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -20
Safety Points • Some dosage strengths contain both metric and apothecary (gr) measures. • Read labels carefully. (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -21
Safety Points (cont’d) • Labels will not state amount of tablets/capsules or solution contained in prescribed dose. (continues) Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -22
Safety Points (cont’d) • When using calibrated medicine cup for liquid oral medications: – Pour safely at eye level. – Always read calibrations carefully. • Some contain several seldom-used units of measure. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -23
Tablet/Capsule/Oral Liquid Medication Calculation • Use basic formula: • • D = desired or dosage prescribed H = have/on hand Q = quantity X = unknown Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -24
Conversions • Conversions are necessary if medication is prescribed in one unit of metric measure and available (labeled) medication is in another unit of metric measure. • Make conversions before using basic formula. Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 6 -25
• Now do the Chapter Summary beginning on p. 68 (40 questions) • Take the on line quiz. Show me your quiz score! Are you ready for the chapter test? Copyright © 2015 Copyright Cengage©Learning® 2015 Cengage Learning® 26
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