Chapter 6 Expanding Horizons 6 1 Notes Early

Chapter 6: Expanding Horizons 6. 1 Notes: Early Explorations

Warm-Up • World Map Exercise

Where in the world… Locate these important chapter 6 places on your map! • • • Cape of Good Hope Straight of Magellan Brazil Peru West Indies Portugal India Spain North America Mexico

What was the Age of Exploration? • A time when Europeans began to explore the rest of the world. • Improvements in mapmaking, shipbuilding, and navigation made exploration possible.

Photo Analysis #1

Why Explore? • Merchants sought a profitable trade with Asia. – Spices such as pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg were used as perfume, cosmetics, medicine, and to flavor/preserve meat. • The church wanted to spread Christian teachings. • Learning and imagination.

New Technology • Open water ocean sailing required new tools so that ships could travel beyond sight of land for extended periods. • Sailors began to learn how to use the position of the sun and stars to navigate beyond sight of land. – Compass: Determined the direction a ship was sailing. – Mariner’s Astrolabe: Determined the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the noon altitude of the sun or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.

New Tech (Continued) • Cartographer’s (Mapmakers)skills improved into the 1300 s. – Mediterranean coastline now shown with greater accuracy. • Navigation maps by the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy reappear in Europe – His grid system of latitude and longitude lines gave Europeans a new picture of the world. • Ship design improves – Ships can now sail against the wind because of triangle-shaped lateen sails. – Multiple masts and sails(3 -4) were added and made travel faster. – Up to 65 feet long and could carry 130 tons • New ships called caravels incorporated all these improvements! – Caravels drew little water and allowed explorers to venture up shallow inlets and rivers in order to make repairs to the ship. – Carried new weapons: muskets and cannons.

Caravel

Christopher Columbus • Columbus leaves with three ships • Lands in the Bahamas but believes he found India – Names inhabitants “Indians” – Islands became known as West Indies – Discovers a new route for spices…business!

Photo Analysis #2 • • List three details from the picture What is the message that the illustrator is trying to get across?

Prince Henry the Navigator • Son of King John I of Portugal • Brought together the best mapmakers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation. • Sponsored Portuguese exploratory voyages to the Atlantic and down Africa’s west coast to find spices. • Discoveries became the foundation of the Portuguese Empire.

Bartholomeu Dias • Found the southern tip of Africa, later named the Cape of Good Hope (1488). • Found route to the Indian Ocean. • Proved that ships could reach East Asia by sailing around Africa.

Vasco de Gama • Sailed from Portugal and landed in India in 1498. • The expedition rounded the Cape of Good Hope and made stops at trading centers along the coast of Africa. • Found Hindus and Muslims trading fine silk, porcelain, and spices. • Faster trade route from Europe to India and East Indies.

Ferdinand Magellan • Was credited as the first to circumnavigate (circle) the globe. • Killed in the Philippines and his crew finished the voyage without him. • Voyage proved that: – The world was round. – The world was larger than anyone had previously believed. – Oceans of the world are connected. – Lands discovered by Columbus were not part of Asia.

Wrap-Up • Magellan VLA – https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=p. M-ig. Yjn 6 E 4 – Dice Roll: Fresh facts you learned!!

Homework • Create a newspaper article (complete with a clever headline), highlighting one of the explorers that we studied today. • Make sure to include three details about the explorer and underline them.

What “stuck” with me today… • Write down one new piece of information that you learned today and why you feel that this is important. • Stick your post-it to the board on your way out of class!

RAFT Activity • Half a page RAFT – Role • Who are you writing as? – Audience • Who are you writing to? – Format • A journal entry, letter, speech, etc. – Topic • What are you writing about?