Chapter 6 ESupply Chains Collaborative Commerce and Corporate
Chapter 6: 供應鏈管理 E-Supply Chains, Collaborative Commerce, and Corporate Portals 國立中央大學、資訊管理系 范錚強 Tel: (03)426 -7250 http: //www. mgt. ncu. edu. tw/~ckfarn 2010. 04 updated 中央大學。范錚強 1
Learning Objectives 1. Define the e-supply chain and describe its characteristics and components. 2. List supply chain problems and their causes. 3. List solutions provided by e-commerce (EC) for supply chain problems. 4. Describe RFID supply chain applications. 5. Define c-commerce and list the major types. Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 6 -2
Learning Objectives 2 6. Describe collaborative planning and collaboration, planning, forecasting, and replenishing (CPFR) and list the benefits of each. 7. Discuss integration along the supply chain. 8. Understand corporate portals and their types and roles. 9. Describe e-collaboration tools such as workflow software and groupware. 10. Describe Collaboration 2. 0 technology and tools. Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 6 -3
Supply Chains 供應鍊 Supply chain The flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers e-Supply chain A supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologies Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 6 -4
Supply Chain Parts Upstream supply chain procurement The process made up of a range of activities by which an organization obtains or gains access to the resources (materials, skills, capabilities, facilities) they require to undertake their core business activities Internal supply chain and value chain Downstream supply chain 中央大學。范錚強 6
Supply Chain Management (SCM) A complex process that requires the coordination of many activities so that the shipment of goods and services from supplier right through to customer is done efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned. SCM aims to minimize inventory levels, optimize production and increase throughput, decrease manufacturing time, optimize logistics and distribution, streamline order fulfillment, and overall reduce the costs associated with these activities 中央大學。范錚強 7
e-Supply Chain Management (e-SCM) The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chains information visibility 能見度 The process of sharing critical data required to manage the flow of products, services, and information in real time between suppliers and customers 中央大學。范錚強 14
Activities and Infrastructure of e-SCM Supply Chain Replenishment e-Procurement The use of Web-based technology to support the key procurement processes, including requisitioning, sourcing, contracting, ordering, and payment. E-procurement supports the purchase of both direct and indirect materials and employs several Web-based functions such as online catalogs, contracts, purchase orders, and shipping notices collaborative planning A business practice that combines the business knowledge and forecasts of multiple players along a supply chain to improve the planning and fulfillment of customer demand 中央大學。范錚強 15
Other e. SCM Activities Collaborative Design and Product Development E-Logistics Infrastructure for e-SCM Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 166 -16
Typical Problems Along The Supply Chain Bullwhip effect Erratic shifts in order up and down supply chains Need for information sharing along the supply chain EC Solutions Visibility The knowledge about where materials and parts are at any given time, which helps in solving problems such as delay, combining shipments, and more 中央大學。范錚強 20
增加需求能見度 Replenishments from supplier 1400 Manufacturer 1200 1000 orders 800 600 400 200 Distributor 0 sell-through Store 中央大學。范錚強 25
滾動預測 假設:預測 5 週,對後一週凍結 黃底色:訂單、藍底色:凍結預測 +0 W 1 W 2 W 3 W 4 W 5 100 +1 110 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 80 90 75 80 120 100 120 110 90 95 110 115 100 120 95 100 110 120 100 110 中央大學。范錚強 52
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 無線射頻技術 Tags that can be attached to or embedded in objects, animals, or humans and use radio waves to communicate with a reader for the purpose of uniquely identifying the object or transmitting data and/or storing information about the object 中央大學。范錚強 55
Exb 6. 2 RFID at Wal-Mart 中央大學。范錚強 56
Exb 6. 2 Digital Supply Chains 中央大學。范錚強 57
Limitations and Concerns of RFID Cost Interference and accuracy Limited range in passive RFID Environment restrictions on usage Privacy RUBEE: AN ALTERNATIVE TO RFID? Ru. Bee Bidirectional, on-demand, peer-to-peer radiating transceiver protocol under development by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Zig. Bee 中央大學。范錚強 58
Collaborative Commerce (c-Commerce 協同商務 The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applications collaboration hub (c-hub) The central point of control for an e-market. A single c-hub, representing one e-market owner, can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use c-enablers to exchange data with the c-hub 中央大學。范錚強 59
Related concepts Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) The practice of retailers’ making suppliers responsible for determining when to order and how much to order Retailer–Supplier Collaboration: Target Corporation Lower Transportation and Inventory Costs and Reduced Stock-Outs: Unilever Reduction of Design Cycle Time: Clarion Malaysia Reduction of Product Development Time: Caterpillar, Inc. 中央大學。范錚強 63
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) Project in which suppliers and retailers collaborate in their planning and demand forecasting to optimize flow of materials along the supply chain 中央大學。范錚強 64
CPFR: 協同規劃、預測和供貨 1990代初, Wal-Mart 和 Warner-Lambert 開始新嘗試 Develop front-end agreement 根據此觀念 VICS (Voluntary Create joint business plan Interindustry Commerce Standards ) 發展CPFR模型 Create sales forecast Identify and resolve exceptions 優點 降低庫存 降低缺貨 增加營業額 Source: www. cpfr. org Create order forecast Identify and resolve exceptions Order generation 中央大學。范錚強 65
What is CPFR®? A business practice that combines the intelligence of multiple trading partners in the planning and fulfillment of customer demand. CPFR® links sales and Marketing best practices, such as category management, to supply chain planning and execution processes to increase availability while reducing inventory, transportation and logistics costs. 1. Collaborative Planning 2. Collaborative Forecasting 3. Collaborative Replenishment 中央大學。范錚強 66
CPFR 2004 CPFR reference model 中央大學。范錚強 68
特力貿易的全球供應鍊 Factory PO Head Office Factory PO 2 W Lead Time Asia Buying Office Recei ving ry PO Facto ASN US DC Store Asia Warehouse Consolidation Yard Asia Factory Replenishment 5 Day Lead Time Inventory 6 W Store 6 W Import Warehouse Production 4 W On Water 中央大学。范铮强 4 W Factory 4 W 69
Complete Supply Chain Visibility Weekly Store Sales Monthly DC Demand Forecast Monthly DC Supply Monthly DC On Hand Qty Day On Hand 中央大学。范铮强 70
8+ Inventory Turnover Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period: August, 05 ~ August, 06 8+ DC Inventory Yearly Turnover Rate 中央大學。范錚強 71
Warehouse Inventory Reduction Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period: August, 05 ~ August, 06 Store Count Average In Stock % Average Turn/Year 2500 2200 97. 5% 95. 6% 98. 5% 10. 5 9. 6 8. 8 中央大學。范錚強 72
Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) systems Programs that use algorithms to identify optimal solutions to complex planning problems that are bound by constraints 中央大學。范錚強 73
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) 前身為 PDM: Product Data Management 處理有關產品設計的問題 零組件、物料清單 (BOM: Bill of Material) Supporting Joint Design 協同設計 C-Design, c-Engineering Business strategy that enables manufacturers to control and share product related data as part of product design and development efforts 中央大學。范錚強 74
Supply Chain Integration Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 766 -76
How Information Systems Are Integrated Web Services An architecture enabling assembly of distributed applications from software services and tying them together B 2 Bi: Business to Business Integration e. g. Rosettanet 中央大學。范錚強 77
Corporate (Enterprise) Portals Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 786 -78
什麼是標示語言(Markup Language) “Markup” is a method of conveying metadata (that is, information about a dataset). Markup Language use string literals, or “tags”, to delimit and describe this data. 用途:方便閱讀、印刷、資訊交換 printer typesetting, proofreader, punctuation, ASCII, C, RTF 中央大學。范錚強 81
Example: HTML Document <HTML> <H 1 ALIGN=CENTER>硬體</H 1> <FONT FACE size=2>顯示卡</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>誠洲</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>世旻電腦</FONT> <FONT FACE size=2>林宏明</FONT> 中央大學。范錚強 82
XML的優點 開放平台: open, platform-independent Vocabulary: 可以依Application Domain 定義tag An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data that is used as the medium for information exchange, often within a specific domain of human activity(business, chemistry, law, music, for example) Program Readable 註:XML is not a programming language, nor an objectbased system, nor an operating system. It is a powerful, elegant technique for thinking about, exchanging, and presenting data in a platformindependent manner. 中央大學。范錚強 84
XML與瀏覽器 XML改變了瀏覽器的內部結構 HTML Interpreter XML Parser XML使“Hypertext”網頁變成“Application”網頁 Application Software Browser Software XML網頁不需瀏覽器,可經由應用系統直接 處理 中央大學。范錚強 85
Client Side of Web-XML Presentation Module Browse r. Application Document Valid. Handler ater URL Parser XML File HTTP Server 中央大學。范錚強 86
Rosetta. Net is a consortium of major Information Technology, Electronic Components and Semiconductor Manufacturing companies working to create and implement industry-wide, open e-business process standards. Cluster 0: Rosetta. Net Support Provides administrative functionality Cluster 1: Partner, Product and Service Review Allows information collection, maintenance and distribution for the development of trading-partner profiles and productinformation subscriptions 中央大學。范錚強 87
Rosetta. Net Cluster 2: Product Information Enables distribution and periodic update of product and detailed design information, including product change notices and product technical specifications Cluster 3: Order Management Lets partners order catalog products, create custom solutions, manage distribution and deliveries, and support product returns and financial transactions Cluster 4: Inventory Management Enables inventory management, including collaboration, replenishment, price protection, reporting and allocation of constrained product 中央大學。范錚強 88
Rosetta. Net Cluster 5: Marketing Information Management Enables communication of marketing information, including campaign plans, lead information and design registration Cluster 6: Service and Support Provides post-sales technical support, service warranty and asset management capabilities Cluster 7: Manufacturing Enables the exchange of design, configuration, process, quality and other manufacturing floor information to support the "Virtual Manufacturing" environment 中央大學。范錚強 89
Rosetta. Net PIP Partner Interface Process (PIP) message guidelines and XML DTD's (Document type definition). Understand what the PIP number represents. A PIP number has 3 parts: a number + a letter + another number. Example: 3 A 4 The first number represents the Cluster. PIP 3 A 4 is in Cluster 3. The letter represents the Segment. PIP 3 A 4 is in Segment A of Cluster 3. The second number is a sequential number which completes the PIP number. PIP 3 A 4 is the 4 th PIP in Segment A of Cluster 3. 中央大學。范錚強 90
Rosetta. Net 3 A 4 PIP 中央大學。范錚強 91
Rosetta. Net 3 A 4 PIP RN 3 A 4 中央大學。范錚強 92
corporate (enterprise) portal A gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information 中央大學。范錚強 94
Types of Generic Corporate Portals for Suppliers and Other Partners Customer Portals Employee Portals Executive and Supervisor Portals Mobile Portals accessible via mobile devices, especially cell phones and PDAs 中央大學。范錚強 96
The Functionalities of Portals information portals Portals that store data and enable users to navigate and query the data collaborative portals Portals that allow collaboration 中央大學。范錚強 97
Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 986 -98
Workflow The movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures workflow systems Business process automation tools that place system controls in the hands of user departments to automate information processing tasks workflow management The automation of workflows, so that documents, information, and tasks are passed from one participant to the next in the steps of an organization’s business process 中央大學。范錚強 99
Collaboration and Groupware: Some Basic Concepts groupware Software products that support groups of people who share common tasks or goals and collaborate on their accomplishment Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Communication virtual team A group of employees using information and communications technologies to collaborate from different work bases – Mass Collaboration 中央大學。范錚強 100
Electronic Meeting Systems: Face-toface Support And Virtual Meetings virtual meetings Online meetings whose members are in different locations, even in different countries group decision support system (GDSS) An interactive computer-based system that facilitates the solution of semistructured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makers 中央大學。范錚強 101
Real-time Collaboration Tools for Virtual Meetings screen-sharing software Software that enables group members, even in different locations, to work on the same document, which is shown on the PC screen of each participant Sharing Documents and Workspaces 中央大學。范錚強 102
Electronic Teleconferencing teleconferencing The use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to have a simultaneous conference video teleconference Virtual meeting in which participants in one location can see participants at other locations on a large screen or a desktop computer 中央大學。范錚強 103
Electronic Teleconferencing 2 data conferencing Virtual meeting in which geographically dispersed groups work on documents together and exchange computer files during videoconferences Web Conferencing Unified communication (UC) Simplification of all forms of communication in the enterprise Web Collaboration Web Suites Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 -104
Collaboration 2. 0 The technology and tools used for collaboration in the Web 2. 0 world and in Enterprise 2. 0 that are in sync with social networking and user-generated content collaborative workspace An interconnected environment in which all the participants in dispersed locations can access and interact with each other just as inside a single entity 中央大學。范錚強 105
Other tools instant messaging Technologies that create the possibility of realtime text-based communication between two or more participants over the Internet/intranet presence information Status indicator that conveys ability and willingness of a potential communication partner Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 -106
Other tools 2 Mobile Collaboration in the Web 2. 0 Environment Mobile social networking service Mobile handset mobile instant messaging Messaging service that transposes the desktop messaging experience to the usage scenario of being on the move Mobile Unified Communication voice-over-IP (Vo. IP) Communication systems that transmit voice calls over Internet Protocol–based networks Blogs, Wikis, Virtual Worlds, Forums, and Other Tools Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 -107
Managerial Issues 1. How difficult is it to introduce e-collaboration? 2. How much can be shared with business partners? 3. Who benefits from vendor-managed inventory? 4. What are the costs and benefits of RFID? 5. Who is in charge of our portal and intranet content? 6. Who will design the corporate portal? 7. Should we conduct virtual meetings? Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 -108
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