Chapter 6 Byzantium Eastern Europe and Russia 325

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325 -1500 Chapter Outline I. Byzantium: the Latin Phase — 325– 610 II. The Age of Consolidation: 610– 1071 III. Western and Turkish Invasions: 1071– 1453 IV. Southeastern Europe to 1500 © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. Russia to 1500 Brummett, et a; . Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 I. Byzantium: the Latin Phase — 325– 610 augusti Diocletian (285– 305) tetrarchs: caesars, A. Constantine and Constantinople in hoc signo vinces (By this, conquer) 325 > Constantinople dedicated, 330 Arianism Christianity B. Julian: The Last Pagan “the apostate” renounces C. Orthodoxy and Heresies patriarch caesaropapism heresy a political offense Contantinople v. Rome Monophysites Nestorians Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. closes Academy

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 I. Byzantium: the Latin Phase — 325– 610 © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. D. The German Challenges 378 — Valens, Adrianople Theodosius the Great Spanish controls Visigoths, Ostrogoths Empire definitively split Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 I. Byzantium: the Latin Phase — 325– 610 E. Justinian and Theodora Justinian (527– 565) strengthening: Hagia Sophia walls of Contantinople codification of Roman Law Theodora disliked Nika rebellion © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Code reconquest: North Africa, Spain, Italy reform: Justinian Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 priority A. Heraclius (610– 641) 610 — replaces Phocas Persian advances theme system defense a smaller state based on free peasants Ctesiphon victory against Persians Muslims C. Empress Irene and Iconophilism iconophile regent, co-emperor with Constantine VI followed by Nicepherus (802– 811) Theophilus (829– 842) D. Missionary Activities Bulgarians, Slavs — 860's Bulgaria Khan Boris plays Rome against Constantinople Cyril and Methodius from Thessalonica to Moravia, King Rastislav 636, Yarmuk — take Syria and Palestine B. The Iconoclastic Period E. Byzantium's Golden Age, 842– 1071 Emperor as head of church Macedonian dynasty, 867– 1056 New invasions: preservers Arabs, e. g. , Justinian Code Avars, Bulgarians > Leo the Isaurian (717 reformed under Basil I and Leo VI – 741) (867– 912) strengthens theme system persecution of Jews, heretics, iconophiles iconoclasm. Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Brummett, et al , Civilization, © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Age of Consolidation: 610– 1071

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 III. Western and Turkish Invasions: 1071– 1453 Lion”) A. Byzantine Decline and the Seljuq Advance Alp Arslan (the “Victorious 1071 - Manzikert B. The Western Crusades Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius > 1054 – Schism Alexius Comnenus (1081– 1118) founds new dynasty asks Pope for help against Seljuks > Crusades Constantinople, 1204 Fourth Crusade, sack of (1168– 1196), Bulgarians threaten Stephen Nemanja Stephen Dushan (1331– 1355) Ottomans Europe 1354 - cross into Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. C. The Ottoman Victory Paleologus Dynasty (1261– 1453)

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 IV. Southeastern Europe to 1500 A. Bulgaria Finn-tatars late 7 th absorbed by Slavs Khan Krum defeats Nicepherous Khan Boris joins Byzantine church encourages missionaries adopts Slavonic alphabet Symeon (893– 927) First Bulgarian Empire Renewed invasions: Magyars, Pechenegs Empire — 185– 1240 s Second Bulgarian B. Serbians (1196– 1228) national church 1355) Kosovo Stephen Nemanja, the unites Stephen Nemanja II Serbian Stephen Dushan (1308– 1389 — Battle of Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Grand Zhupan

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 IV. Southeastern Europe to 1500 C. Romania Orthodox Catholic from Dacians Latinized religious divisions: Wallachians — Transylvanians — D. Albania from Bronze Age © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Skanderberg (1443– 1468) independence under Ottomans from 1468 Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 V. Russia to 1500 860 s A. Kiev Rus’ and Vladimir trading towns Varangians from Baltic, relationship with Slavs? dominance? equals? Oleg (c. 882– 913) Kiev Vladimir (980– 1015) pagan Perun, Volos Orthodoxy 1054) Greek Yaroslav the Wise (1019– alliance with Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Novgorod Sviatoslav (964– 972) adds

Chapter 6: Byzantium, Eastern Europe, and Russia, 325– 1500 V. Russia to 1500 B. Novogorod, Moscow and the Mongols of Novgorod Mongol Dominance, 1240– 1480 997 — Novgorod autonomous Alexander Nevsky, prince veche Moscow replaces Novgorod as center Daniel, son of Nevsky Grand Duchy of Moscow founded by C. Ivan III and the Third Rome Ivan III (1462– 1505) 1492 - called “the new Emperor Constantine of the new Third Rome Constantinople Moscow” uses title tsar (Caesar) Philotheus of Pskov theory of Moscow as Brummett, et al , Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Ivan I Kalita (1328– 1341) Dmitri Donskoi (1359– 1389)