Chapter 6 Birth Control American Reproductive Realities Birth
Chapter 6 Birth Control
American Reproductive Realities Birth control Contraception use U. S. teen pregnancy rate Abortion
Teen Pregnancy in the U. S. What do you know about teen pregnancy? Let’s talk about it!
Teen Parenting • Emotional preparation for parenting • Consequences for children • Contributions of fathers
Personal Reflections Are you prepared at the present time to assume the responsibilities of being a parent? Why or why not? How would your life change if you or your partner were pregnant (consider your relationship, finances, career goals, etc. )
World Population What in the World? What is the projected population for 2050? What part of the world is experiencing mass starvation? What country orders mandatory birth control? How is birth control impacting world fertility rates?
How Many Can the Earth Feed? • With the rapidly increasing world population, will our children be able to live comfortably?
Evaluating Different Birth Control Methods Rates calculated yearly • Unprotected couple fertility rate • Perfect-use pregnancy rate • Typical-use pregnancy rate
Personal Reflections If you are having sexual relations, what do you do about contraception?
Relatively Ineffective Methods • Withdrawal (coitus interruptus) • Douching • Any method used incorrectly or inconsistently
How does your method measure up?
Abstaining from Sex before marriage statistics Abstinence-only programs and outcomes “Abstinence-plus” programs and outcomes
Lactational Amenorrhea and Fertility Awareness Methods • Lactational amenorrhea • “Fertility awareness” • • • Basal Body Temperature Method Billings Method Sympto-Thermal Method
Spermicides: Substances that Kill Sperm • Kinds • Failure rates • Least preferred method rationale
Barrier Methods: Preventing Egg from Meeting Sperm Male Condoms • Latex condoms • Lambskin condoms
Using Condoms Correctly Check the expiration date and take proper care of condoms Unroll it onto penis before intercourse Use appropriate lubrication Use only once Hold onto base as you remove penis after male orgasm to avoid slippage
Overcoming Condom Complaints COMPLAINT SOLUTION § § § § Allergic to latex? Bothered by the lubricant? Hate interruptions? Embarrassed? § Use polyurethane Try another type Have your partner put it on Talk with partner and remember why condoms are important
Personal Reflections Whose responsibility is it for birth control – your responsibility or your partner’s? Why? If you answered that it is your partner’s responsibility, do you think that you share any of the responsibility for the consequences of engaging in sexual intercourse?
Female Condoms vs. Male Condoms • • Reusable Failure rate More natural feeling May be inserted several hours before sex
The Diaphragm • Description • Failure rate • Fitting and insertion • Removal • Potential infections
Using a Diaphragm, Spermicide or Female Condom Practice before you really “need” to use it!
The Cervical Cap and Lea’s Shield • Description • Failure rate • Fitting and insertion • Removal
Would any of these work for you? Diaphragm Cervical Cap Lea’s Shield
The Contraceptive Sponge • Description • Failure rate • Insertion • Removal
The IUD: Intrauterine Device • Description • Failure rate • Kinds • Insertion • Removal
IUD Only your doctor inserts it and only your doctor removes it.
Hormonal Methods of Contraception: Oral Contraception • Description • Failure rate • Prescription
Birth Control Pill Evolution: Tinkering with Synthetic Estrogen and Progesterone Health issues with early combination pills Today’s combination pills are much safer and just as effective at preventing pregnancy. Triphasil pills – progesterone adjustments A Mini-pill - progesterone only Seasonale and other new pills allow women to skip the menstrual flow for months at a time.
Oral Contraceptives and Health Concerns Health Benefits § § § Temporary pregnancylike symptoms Increased cardiovascular risks for smokers, women over 35, and those already at risk for breast cancer § Safer than pregnancy Lighter periods Relief from PMS and endometriosis Reduces risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers, rheumatoid arthritis
Other Hormone Delivery Systems Injection of synthetic progesterone Progestin-only implants Ring Patch
The Ring and the Patch
Emergency Contraception To prevent ovulation and/or implantation • “Off label” use of prescribed birth control pills • Insertion of a copper IUD • Oral hormone medication
Contraceptive Methods that Help Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections True or False? Our most effective contraceptives do not protect against STIs.
Contraceptive Methods that Help Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections • Male Condoms • Female condoms • Microbicide gel
Voluntary Sterilization • Incidence • Complications • Reversibility
With Sterilization, the Sex Cells (Ova or Sperm) Are Kept Away From One Another!
Personal Reflections Considering all factors (including your sexual lifestyle), which birth control technique is best for you? If you are not presently using it, how can you obtain it?
Terminating Pregnancies: Abortion • U. S. abortion rates • Modern, legal abortions do not increase woman’s future risk of infertility, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or poor birth outcomes
Abortion Methods Medical (nonsurgical) RU 486 or other drugs Dilation & Curettage (D&C) Dilation & Evacuation (D&E) Induced Labor Intact Dilation & Evacuation (D&X)
Emotional Reactions to Abortion Reason for abortion Range of feelings and reactions
The present status and future of abortion in the United States • Roe v. Wade (1973) • Webster v. Reproductive Health (1989) • 1990 – States may require parental consent • Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) • 2003; 2007 - Bill banning Intact D&E method
Abortion beliefs and attitudes Historically, beliefs have changed many times 1588 - Pope Sixtus V declares abortion is murder 1591 - Pope Gregory XIV declares abortion isn’t murder because soul is not present early in pregnancy 1869 - Pope Pius IX again declares abortion murder; soul is present from moment of fertilization
Abortion Beliefs and Attitudes Pro-Life (right to life) Pro-Choice (right to choose)
Future Technology • New types of diaphragms and cervical caps • Medications to stop sperm from swimming or penetrating the ovum • Vaccinations
Choosing a Contraceptive Method Things to Consider: Comfort understanding and using method Health risks and side effects Financial considerations and doctor visits Effectiveness in preventing pregnancy Effectiveness in preventing STDs Partner’s attitudes Reversibility
- Slides: 45
