Chapter 5 Transcultural Nursing in the Community Copyright

The Meaning of Culture • Beliefs, values, and behavior shared by members of a

Other Key Terms • Race: biologically designated groups of people whose distinguishing features, such

Other Key Terms (cont. ) • Cultural diversity (cultural plurality): variety of cultural patterns

Question Is the following statement true or false? • “Race” and “ethnicity” are interchangeable

Answer • False – Race refers to biologically designated groups of people whose distinguishing

Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Characteristics of Culture • Learned • Integrated • Shared • Mostly tacit • Dynamic

Ethnocultural Health Practices • World community – Biomedical view – Magicoreligious view – Holistic

Ethnocultural Health Practices (cont. ) • Complementary therapies and self-care practices – Diet therapies

Role of the Community Health Nurse • Preparation – Cultural awareness (see Display 5.

Question Which of the following would describe a culture? a. Inherited b. Static c.

Answer d. Tacit • Culture is learned, integrated, shared, mostly tacit, and dynamic. Copyright

Selected Cultural Communities • Native American Indians, Aleut, and Eskimo communities – Population characteristics

Selected Cultural Communities (cont. ) • Asian Americans – Population characteristics and culture –

Selected Cultural Communities (cont. ) • Arab populations and Muslims – Population characteristics and

Transcultural Nursing Principles • Develop cultural self-awareness. • Cultivate cultural sensitivity. • Assess the

Internet Resources • Office of Minority Health: http: //www. omhrc. gov/omhrc/ • U. S.

Question Is the following statement true or false? • The first step of applying

Answer • False – The nurse should first develop cultural selfawareness and then cultivate

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The Meaning of Culture • Beliefs, values, and behavior shared by members of a society; they provide a design or roadmap for living • “The acquired knowledge that people use to generate behavior and interpret experience” (Spradley & Mc. Curdy, 2005) • “A patterned behavioral response that develops over time as a result of imprinting the mind through social and religious structures and intellectual and artistic manifestations” (Giger & Davidhizar, 2002) Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Other Key Terms • Race: biologically designated groups of people whose distinguishing features, such as skin color, are inherited • Ethnic group: collection of people who have common origins and a shared culture and identity; they may share a common geographic origin, race, language, religion, traditions, values, and food preferences (Spector, 2004) • Ethnicity: group of qualities that mark his or her association with a particular ethnic group or “who share cultural and/or physical characteristics including one or more of the following: history, political system, religion, language, geographical origin, traditions, myths, behaviors, foods, genetic similarities, and physical features (Ethnicity Online, 2007) Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Other Key Terms (cont. ) • Cultural diversity (cultural plurality): variety of cultural patterns coexisting within a designated geographic area • Subcultures: relatively large aggregates of people within a society sharing separate distinguishing characteristics • Microcultures: smaller groups within a subculture • Ethnocentrism: belief or feeling that one’s own culture is best • Ethnorelativism: seeing all behavior in a cultural context Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer • False – Race refers to biologically designated groups of people whose distinguishing features are inherited. Ethnicity refers to a group of qualities that mark a person’s association with a particular ethnic group or a group that shares cultural and/or physical characteristics. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Ethnocultural Health Practices • World community – Biomedical view – Magicoreligious view – Holistic view – Folk medicine and home remedies – Herbalism – Prescription and over-the-counter drugs Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Ethnocultural Health Practices (cont. ) • Complementary therapies and self-care practices – Diet therapies (cancer diets, juice diets, fasting) – Gastrointestinal treatments (coffee enemas, high colonic enemas) – Balance and exercise activities (t’ai chi, yoga) – Sensory exposure (aromatherapy, music therapy, light therapy) – Therapeutic manipulation (acupuncture, acupressure, reflexology) Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Role of the Community Health Nurse • Preparation – Cultural awareness (see Display 5. 3) – Sensitivity • Assessment (use of appropriate tools; see Tables 5. 7 and 5. 8) • Teaching Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Selected Cultural Communities • Native American Indians, Aleut, and Eskimo communities – Population characteristics and culture – Health problems – Health beliefs and practices • Blacks or African Americans – Population characteristics and culture – Health problems – Health beliefs and practices Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Selected Cultural Communities (cont. ) • Asian Americans – Population characteristics and culture – Health problems – Health beliefs and practices • Hispanic Americans – Population characteristics and culture – Health problems – Health beliefs and practices Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Selected Cultural Communities (cont. ) • Arab populations and Muslims – Population characteristics and culture – Health problems – Health beliefs and practices Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Transcultural Nursing Principles • Develop cultural self-awareness. • Cultivate cultural sensitivity. • Assess the client group’s culture. • Show respect and patience while learning about other cultures. • Examine culturally derived health practices. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Internet Resources • Office of Minority Health: http: //www. omhrc. gov/omhrc/ • U. S. Census: http: //www. census. gov • Immigration Assistance Section: http: //theodora. com • Culture and Diversity Section: http: //www. amsa. org • Kaiser Family Foundation: http: //www. kff. org • Multicultural Health Communication Service: http: //www. mhcs. health. nsw. gov. au/ • Asian & Pacific Health: http: //www. aapcho. org Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question Is the following statement true or false? • The first step of applying transcultural nursing principles is to cultivate cultural sensitivity. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins