Chapter 5 Threads n Overview n Multithreading Models

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Chapter 5: Threads n Overview n Multithreading Models n Threading Issues n Pthreads n

Chapter 5: Threads n Overview n Multithreading Models n Threading Issues n Pthreads n Solaris 2 Threads n Windows 2000 Threads n Linux Threads n Java Threads Operating System Concepts 5. 1 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Single and Multithreaded Processes Operating System Concepts 5. 2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Single and Multithreaded Processes Operating System Concepts 5. 2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Benefits n Responsiveness n Resource Sharing n Economy n Utilization of MP Architectures Operating

Benefits n Responsiveness n Resource Sharing n Economy n Utilization of MP Architectures Operating System Concepts 5. 3 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

User Threads n Thread management done by user-level threads library n Examples - POSIX

User Threads n Thread management done by user-level threads library n Examples - POSIX Pthreads - Mach C-threads - Solaris threads Operating System Concepts 5. 4 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Kernel Threads n Supported by the Kernel n Examples - Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - Solaris

Kernel Threads n Supported by the Kernel n Examples - Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - Solaris - Tru 64 UNIX - Be. OS - Linux Operating System Concepts 5. 5 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Multithreading Models n Many-to-One n One-to-One n Many-to-Many Operating System Concepts 5. 6 Silberschatz,

Multithreading Models n Many-to-One n One-to-One n Many-to-Many Operating System Concepts 5. 6 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Many-to-One n Many user-level threads mapped to single kernel thread. n Used on systems

Many-to-One n Many user-level threads mapped to single kernel thread. n Used on systems that do not support kernel threads. Operating System Concepts 5. 7 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Many-to-One Model Operating System Concepts 5. 8 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Many-to-One Model Operating System Concepts 5. 8 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

One-to-One n Each user-level thread maps to kernel thread. n Examples - Windows 95/98/NT/2000

One-to-One n Each user-level thread maps to kernel thread. n Examples - Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - OS/2 Operating System Concepts 5. 9 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

One-to-one Model Operating System Concepts 5. 10 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

One-to-one Model Operating System Concepts 5. 10 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Many-to-Many Model n Allows many user level threads to be mapped to many kernel

Many-to-Many Model n Allows many user level threads to be mapped to many kernel threads. n Allows the operating system to create a sufficient number of kernel threads. n Solaris 2 n Windows NT/2000 with the Thread. Fiber package Operating System Concepts 5. 11 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Many-to-Many Model Operating System Concepts 5. 12 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Many-to-Many Model Operating System Concepts 5. 12 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Threading Issues n Semantics of fork() and exec() system calls. n Thread cancellation. n

Threading Issues n Semantics of fork() and exec() system calls. n Thread cancellation. n Signal handling n Thread pools n Thread specific data Operating System Concepts 5. 13 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Pthreads n a POSIX standard (IEEE 1003. 1 c) API for thread creation and

Pthreads n a POSIX standard (IEEE 1003. 1 c) API for thread creation and synchronization. n API specifies behavior of the thread library, implementation is up to development of the library. n Common in UNIX operating systems. Operating System Concepts 5. 14 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Solaris 2 Threads Operating System Concepts 5. 15 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Solaris 2 Threads Operating System Concepts 5. 15 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Solaris Process Operating System Concepts 5. 16 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Solaris Process Operating System Concepts 5. 16 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Windows 2000 Threads n Implements the one-to-one mapping. n Each thread contains - a

Windows 2000 Threads n Implements the one-to-one mapping. n Each thread contains - a thread id - register set - separate user and kernel stacks - private data storage area Operating System Concepts 5. 17 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Linux Threads n Linux refers to them as tasks rather than threads. n Thread

Linux Threads n Linux refers to them as tasks rather than threads. n Thread creation is done through clone() system call. n Clone() allows a child task to share the address space of the parent task (process) Operating System Concepts 5. 18 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Java Threads n Java threads may be created by: F Extending Thread class F

Java Threads n Java threads may be created by: F Extending Thread class F Implementing the Runnable interface n Java threads are managed by the JVM. Operating System Concepts 5. 19 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Java Thread States Operating System Concepts 5. 20 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

Java Thread States Operating System Concepts 5. 20 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2002

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