Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

Focus on: u. Elements in each molecule u. How molecules are linked and unlinked u. Examples and functions of each type of molecule

Macromolecules

Monomer AP Bi ology

Condensation Synthesis or Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis

Four Main Types Of Macromolecules

For each Macromolecule know the following: u. Elements it contains u. Monomer units and structures u. Examples u. Uses or roles

Carbohydrates

Types Of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides

Examples

- OSE u. Word ending common for many carbohydrates.

Disaccharides

Examples

Oligosaccharides

Polysaccharides

a glucose and b glucose

Starch

a glucose

Cellulose

b glucose

Comment

Glycogen

Starch Glycogen

Lipids

Fats and Oils

Fats and Oils

Fatty Acids

Acid Fat

Neutral Fats or Triacylglycerols

Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats

Question u. Why do fats usually contain saturated fatty acids and oils usually contain unsaturated fatty acids?

Fats

Question ? u. Which has more energy, a kg of fat or a kg of starch?

Phospholipids

Result

Steroids

Proteins

Uses Of Proteins u. Structure u. Enzymes u. Antibodies u. Transport u. Movement u. Receptors u. Hormones

Proteins

Amino Acids

R groups

Amino Acids

Amino Acids

R groups

Polypeptide Chains

Levels Of Protein Structure

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Is Protein Structure Important?

Denaturing Of A Protein

Comment u. Many other amino acids are possible (change the R group) u. Whole new group of proteins with new properties can be made u. Genetic engineering can use bacteria to make these new proteins

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nitrogenous Bases

Pentose Sugar

Nucleosides and Nucleotides

DNA

RNA

DNA and RNA u. More will be said about DNA and RNA in future lessons.

Summary u. Role of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis u. For each macromolecule, know the following: u. Elements and monomers u. Structures u. Functions