Chapter 5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics The

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 Chapter 5: The Second Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics: After

Chapter 5: The Second Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics: After the heat dissipation from the brake system to the ambient is complete.

 Directional Phenomena

Directional Phenomena

 Directional Phenomena

Directional Phenomena

 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

 Heat Engines Higher temperature body QH: Heat transfer from a higher temperature body

Heat Engines Higher temperature body QH: Heat transfer from a higher temperature body QL: Heat transfer to a lower temperature body Lower temperature body

Refrigerator or heat pump Higher temperature body Lower temperature body

Refrigerator or heat pump Higher temperature body Lower temperature body

Refrigerator or heat pump

Refrigerator or heat pump

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Statements of the Second Law

Reversible Processes

Reversible Processes

Reversible Processes The small weights may be put back one at a time and

Reversible Processes The small weights may be put back one at a time and the state would return back to the initial state without causing any changes in the system or surroundings.

Irreversible Processes The compression work is higher than the expansion work, which results in

Irreversible Processes The compression work is higher than the expansion work, which results in an amount of heat discharged into the surroundings.

Irreversible Processes

Irreversible Processes

The Carnot Cycle

The Carnot Cycle

The Carnot Cycle

The Carnot Cycle

The Carnot Cycle Thermal efficiency:

The Carnot Cycle Thermal efficiency:

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

 Thermodynamic Temperature Scale numerical

Thermodynamic Temperature Scale numerical

 Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

 Carnot Cycle Efficiency

Carnot Cycle Efficiency

 Temperature Scales

Temperature Scales

 Temperature Scales Normal boiling water temperature at atmosphere:

Temperature Scales Normal boiling water temperature at atmosphere: