Chapter 5 TAXES Ch 5 1 Taxes and

Chapter 5 TAXES!

Ch. 5. 1: Taxes and Your Paycheck?

Bell Ringer- 2/23/15 What comes to your mind when you think of the word “TAX” ?

Payroll Taxes • Placed on income earned by individuals • Largest form of revenue received by government • Amount taken out of each check variesbase on a person’s annual earnings • Paid to the government by individual employees and their employers. – Medicare and Social Security

Income Taxes • Taxes you pay on most types of income you receive. • The amount paid by each individual varies based on their income

Payroll Tax vs. Income Tax • Payroll Tax – Includes FICA taxes and Income Tax – Also includes amount paid by employer based on employees earnings • Income Tax – Federal Income tax deducted from paycheck

Pay Stub Social Security Largest Deduction

FICA • Federal Insurance Contribution Act – Law that requires workers and their employers to contribute to Social Security and Medicare – Social Security is a program that helps provide benefits to those who have retired. – Medicare provides health insurance for seniors over the age of 65 as well as certain people with disabilities

Withholdings • Money that is withheld from your paycheck • Enables government to collect taxes at a steady rate (each pay period) instead of at the end of the year • You pay little tax with each paycheck, so you don’t face a huge tax bill at the end of the year.

Gross Income/Gross Pay • Amount earned before taxes have been withheld

Net Income/ Net Pay • Amount you receive after withholdings are subtracted from your gross pay

Paystub Activity • Pay Stub Activity – Work on Paystub Activity 1 as class – Complete Paystub 2 individually – Social Security

W-4 Form • Form filled out when you are first hired at a company • Provides information your employer needs to determine how much to withhold from your paycheck • http: //www. irs. gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw 4. pdf

Allowances • A number that reduces the amount of income withheld from your paycheck • Claiming a lower number on your W-4 form will result in MORE money being withheld from your paycheck… but also may mean you will get back more money at the end of the year. • The lowest number you can claim is 0 • Highest you can go up to is 9… but you need to show proof to IRS for this. .

IRS • Federal agency that collects income taxes – Agency in the department of treasury – Headquarters: Washington D. C. • Each year the IRS calls thousands of taxpayers for an audit – Examination of their tax return

W-4 Simulation • http: //apps. irs. gov/app/understanding. Tax es/student/simulations. jsp

Chapter 5. 2 File A Tax Return

Bell Ringer- 02/24/15 • How do taxes benefit both you and the government? • Think about this… Kelly has $12. 11 withheld from her paycheck for taxes… if she didn’t have this withheld, how much would she have owed at the end of the year? (hint- there are 52 weeks in a year!) • $12. 11 X 52 weeks= $629. 72

Tax Return • Set of forms a taxpayer uses to calculate their obligations (what they owe/don’t owe) • This is the only way you can get money back. (Usually during Feb-April) • You are responsible for information on tax return, if it is incorrect you are liable!

Tax Refund • If your tax return shows you paid more money in withholdings than you owed, you will receive a refund!

Taxes Owed • If your tax return shows that your withholdings were not enough to cover the taxes you owe, you must send the remaining amount to the government.

Social Security Number • Unique number assigned to you by the federal government • No one else has the same number • The government uses this number throughout your life to: – Identify you as a taxpayer – Keep track of your earnings and tax records – Pay you social security benefit when you reach retirement

W-2 Form • Summary of your earnings and withholdings for the year. • You will receive a W-2 for each job you held during the year. • When you file a tax return, you must include your W-2!

W-2 Form Wages/Tips Employer Employee Fed. Income Tax

W 2 Form Vs. W 4 Form W-2 W-4 Used By: Employer reports wages Employee to report what earned by employee for they want withheld from the year their paycheck through selection of marital status and dependents Information found on form: Identifies information about the employee, the employer, and wages and deduction breakdowns for the employee for the year. Name, address, Social Security number---and withholding allowance information. How often is it filed? Once a year As many times as the employee would like. Always at beginning of employment

W 2 Form VS. W 4 Form W-2 W-4 Who sees the form? Employer files form with IRS and state taxing authority. Employer also MUST give copies to employee at end of the year. Stays in hands of the employer- sometimes the IRS may request a copy. Who is responsible for completing the form? Employer- gives one copy to IRS and one copy to employee Employee is responsible for completing it. Employer is responsible for keeping a copy on hand

1099 Form • If you have a savings account or any other investments where you earn money - you will receive a 1099 Form at the end of the year. • Statement of the interest your bank paid on your savings that year

1040 EZ • Simplest Tax Return Form • To qualify the following must be true: – – – – You are single or married filing jointly with spouse You have no dependents You and your spouse are under 65 yrs Neither you nor your spouse is blind Your taxable income is less than $100, 000 You have earned no more than $1, 500 in interest You have no other income besides wages, tips, scholarships, or unemployment

Dependent • Dependent – People who are supported financially • Independent – Someone who is not supported by anyone else financially

Forms, FORMS! W-4 W-2 1099 1040 EZ Determines how much to withhold from your paycheck. Given by yours employer. Summary of how much money you made at a particular company and how much tax was taken out of your paycheck. Form you receive at the end of the year that shows if you made money (interest) on an savings accounts. Also can be given if you were paid money (over $600) but not taxed. Tax form filled out at the end of the year to determine if you get a refund or owe money.

1040 EZ Scenarios • Jonathon Jackson is a full time high school student. He has a part time job working at the local grocery store each day after school. Last year Jonathon earned $1, 525. He is filling out an early tax return, and he is having his refund deposited directly in his Chase bank account in order to receive it as quickly as possible. His savings account number is 1234567890 and the bank routing number is 78787. Jonathon’s parents claim him as a dependent on their federal tax return. • Use the information given in the scenario and Jonathon’s W-2 to complete a 1040 EZ form. • 1040 EZ Form • 2012 Tax Table

Deductions • Expenses the law allows you to subtract from your adjusted gross income to determine you taxable income • 4 kinds of deductions: 1. Business Deductions • Traveling, meals, gifts, use of car, health insurance, use of home, education, employee pay, etc. 2. Adjustments • IRS or Alimony payments – Itemized/ Standard – Exemptions • You, your spouse, children

Examples Of Itemized Deductions • • Medical/dental expenses You cannot use State and local taxes the 1040 EZ form if you are Property tax choosing to itemize your Mortgage interest deductions! Gifts to charity Losses from theft or property damage Moving expenses Investment expenses

Standard Deduction • Specific dollar amount that you are allowed to subtract from your taxable income. A base amount of income that is not subject to tax and that can be used to reduce a taxpayer's adjusted gross income.

Standard Vs. Itemized Deduction • Standard – Set dollar amount- $9, 500 (2012) • Itemized – Allows you to list expenses – If your expenses add up to MORE than what the standard deduction would be, then you should choose to Itemize your deductions • YOU HAVE TO CHOOSE ONE OR THE OTHER! YOU CANNOT DO BOTH!

Taxable Income • Income figure used to determine your taxes – Your adjusted gross income minus your Standard Deduction

How to fill out a 1040 EZ!

Things you will need…. • 1040 EZ Form • W-2 Form – This is REQUIRED in order to fill out your 1040 EZ • 1099 Form – If you have one! • Tax Table

Step # 1: Fill In Your Basic Info! • Name (first and last) • Address • Social Security Number

Step #1 -4 1. Fill in Total Wages, Salaries, Tips 2. Fill in Taxable Interest Income – From 1099 form (interest from bank account) 3. Fill in Unemployment Compensations • Add them all up and you will get… -Adjusted Gross Income

Step # 5 • If you are an independent and single you will put $9, 500 on line 5 • If you are an independent, you will flip your sheet over to the back and fill in worksheet 5!

Step # 6 • Subtract like 5 FROM line 4 • This is your taxable Income!

Step # 7 -Federal Income Tax Withheld • This will be found on your W-2

Step #8 Earned Income Credit • Workers with low incomes will qualify • **We will not be spending time on this… • Leave it blank!

Step # 9 - Total Payments & Credit • Add up the following: – Federal Income Tax Withheld (#7) – Earned Income Credit (#8) • This will result in the total amount of your taxes that you have ALREADY PAID!

Step # 10 - Tax Table • http: //www. irs. gov/pub/irs-pdf/i 1040 tt. pdf • Use the tax table to determine how much tax you can subtract from your total payments and credits

Step # 10 Continued…

Step # 11– Refund? !? ! • If line 9 is larger than line 10, subtract line 10 from line 9. This is the refund! $648. 00!!

Chapter 5. 3 Taxes and Government

Agenda 2/25 • Bell Ringer • Giovanni Scenario • Sarah Marshall Scenario

Bell Ringer- 02/25/15 Sarah earned $45, 000 last year. When she calculated her taxable income, she found that she owed the government $12, 000 in taxes for the year. Sarah already had $7, 000 withheld from her paycheck for federal taxes. She owes the federal government an additional $5, 000. What is her income? $45, 000 What is her tax liability? $ 12, 000 What is her withholding tax? $7, 000 What is her tax due? $5, 000

Sources Of Government Revenue • 20% of ALL income goes to Federal Gov’t – 39% accounts from income tax – 32% is from Social Security and Medicare – 13% corporate taxes – 7% is other taxes and fees

Sources of Government Income

Contributions • Social Security – Wages are taxed at a rate of 6. 2% – Collected on gross income • Medicare – Wages are taxes at a rate of 1. 45% • The total most people pay for SS and Medicare is 7. 65% of gross income

Employer Contribution • For each dollar you earn, your employer will pay 15. 3 cents to the government for social security and Medicare taxes.

Principles Of Taxation • Law that states every taxpayer should be treated equally • This does NOT mean all taxpayers should pay the same amount. • This law states that some people should pay MORE than others.

Benefit Principle • States that those who use a good or service provided by the government should pay for it. – Example- Toll Roads • Those who drive on the road pays tolls.

Ability To Pay Principle • Those who have larger incomes should pay a larger share of what they receive. – Example: Federal Income Tax

Taxes and Income- 3 ways • Progressive Tax • Regressive Tax • Proportional Tax

Progressive Tax • Takes a larger share of income as income grows – Federal income tax- The more you MAKE the more you PAY

Regressive Tax • Takes a smaller portion of income as income grows – Sales tax – Lauren makes $16, 000/ year – Sal makes $45, 000/ year – They both buy a car for $10, 000 and have to pay 8% ($800) in sales tax. – $800 It is 5% of Laurens income but only 1. 8% of Sal’s income

Proportional Tax • Takes the same share of ALL incomes. • This would occur if people were ALL taxed for example 10% of their income for something. • This does not exist in our economy.

How Taxes Are Collected • Direct Tax – Paid directly to government – Ex: Income and Property Tax • Indirect Tax – Included in cost of goods and services – Part of rent is used for landlord to pay property tax • Pay-As-You-Earn Taxes – Paid as you earn income – Federal Withholding Tax

Types of Taxes • • • Income Taxes Sales Tax Property Tax Excise Tax Estate and Gift Tax Business and License Tax

Types Of Taxes • Income taxes – Withheld from paycheck – Ex. Federal, state, local taxes – Illinois State - 5. 0% – Local taxes ~ 1 -2% • Sales Taxes – Taxes added to price of goods and services – Some states don’t have sales tax but they pay more money in property or income tax to off set what they lose in state tax.

Types Of Taxes • Property Tax – Taxes on the value of real property – Added to home or loan payments • Excise Tax – Collected on the sale of specific goods and services such as tobacco, gasoline, and alcoholic beverages – Unlike sales tax, excise tax is included in the price charged to customers. – Ex, when you pay for gas- the price includes both federal and state excise tax.

Types Of Taxes • Estate Tax – Property tax given to someone legally entitled to an estate when a person dies. • Gift Tax – Taxes the giver of gifts may pay – Federal law allows people to make some gifts that are not taxes – Maximum value of gifts that were not taxed was $12, 000 in 2008.

Types Of Taxes • Business or license tax – Paid to receive licensing or a permit to operate a type of business – Ex. To be a teacher you have to take certification test which you pay for.

Customs Duties and Tariffs • Customs Duties or Tariffs – Controls the flow of products imported into the united states – This results in items from abroad being sold at higher prices than they otherwise would be.

Skittles Activity • • All students will be given a bag of Skittles DON’T EAT THEM! Count your Skittles Fill out the Worksheet that goes along with this activity!

Chapter 5. 4 Government Spending

Bell Ringer- 2/24 You Cut The Taxes! • Assume you are a member of congress. You have been instructed by your constituents to cut taxes. In order to cut taxes, you must cut programs. • Read the descriptions of each program and decide with three programs you will want to keep and which three you want to cut and explain why…

Power To Influence • Government use tax to do 2 things – Generate Revenue – Influence consumer buying decisions • Example: “Sin Tax” • The government taxes certain products to discourage their use because they are harmful to our bodies even though they are legal • Millions of Americans buy and use these products anyway • The government taxes these products higher because it is a choice to use them- not everyone uses them.

Government Spending • The federal government spends $2. 65 trillion each year – Roughly $15, 000 for every person who lives in the United States • Most of the government’s spending pays for goods and services that benefit all Americans. – Public Goods: Roads, schools, national defense, and services of various regulatory agencies.

Taxes Fund Public Goods and Services Social Security, Medicare, and Retirement 36% National Defense 23% Foods Stamps and Unemployment (Social Programs) State and Local Police 2% Net Interest on Debt 8% Public Education 12% 19%

Goods and Services State and Local Government Provide… • • • Building and maintaining roads Operating police and fire protection system Maintaining a criminal justice system Building and staffing schools Building and operating state colleges and universities • Supporting medical facilities • Constructing and operating sewage treatment plants • Operating unemployment compensation programs

State and Local Gov’t Regulations • Rules are written into laws enforced by state and local government – Example: • In order to drive, you must have a drivers license • To build a house you must have a permit • These create order and safety in the state and local communities

BINGO! • • • Allowance Business or license Tax Custom duty or tariff Dependent Deduction Estate tax Excise tax FICA 1040 EZ Form 1099 Form W-2 Form W-4 Form • • • • Gross Income Tax IRS Gift Tax Net income Payroll tax Property Tax Public Good Sales Tax Social Security Number Tax Return Taxable Income Withholding

02/26/15 • Life-Smart Project – Complete Tax Page 3 • Review Chapter 5 – Look over Pay Stub Activity – Look over 1040 EZ Scenarios – TEST TOMORROW!

Question 21 -24 - Word Bank • • A. Tax Return B. Refund C. Taxable Income D. Exemption E. Deduction AB. Owe AC. Adjusted Gross Income AD. Withholding