CHAPTER 5 ROCKS Section 1 Classifying Rocks WHAT
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CHAPTER 5: ROCKS Section 1: Classifying Rocks
WHAT ARE ROCKS MADE OF? Rocks are mixtures of minerals and other materials. Some contain only a single mineral; others contain several minerals (ex. granite = quartz + feldspar + hornblende + mica) Rock-forming minerals: approx. 20 common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust
LECTURE CHECK 1 Question: What are rocks made of?
LECTURE CHECK 1 Question: What are rocks made of? Answer: Mixtures of minerals and other materials
MINERAL COMPOSITION AND COLOR Color provides clues to the rock’s mineral composition Granite: light-colored rock with high silica content Basalt: dark-colored rock with low silica content Shape and color of crystals Tests used to identify minerals (e. g. acid test)
LECTURE CHECK 2 Question: How is silica content related to color?
LECTURE CHECK 2 Question: How is silica content related to color? Answer: High-silica content is associated with lighter color and low-silica content is associated with darker color.
TEXTURE Texture: look and feel of the rock’s surface Grain: particles of minerals or other rocks, which give the rock its texture Size: coarse, fine Shape: rounded, jagged Pattern: banded, nonbanded
LECTURE CHECK 3 Question: What are three things that you can observe about grain?
LECTURE CHECK 3 Question: What are three things that you can observe about grain? Answer: size, shape, and pattern
CLASSIFYING ROCKS Geologists must use color, composition, texture, and other tests to classify and identify rocks.
HOW ROCKS FORM Three groups of rocks based on origin Igneous: form from cooling of magma or lava Sedimentary: form when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together; layers buried below the surface Metamorphic: form when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions; most deep underground
LECTURE CHECK 4 Question: Limestone forms on the ocean floor in tropical environments. What type of rock do you think limestone is?
LECTURE CHECK 4 Question: Limestone forms on the ocean floor in tropical environments. What type of rock do you think limestone is? Answer: sedimentary
POST-LESSON QUIZ 1. What type of rock is formed when an existing rock is changed by intense heat and pressure deep underground? a. sedimentary b. igneous c. metamorphic d. mineral
POST-LESSON QUIZ 2. What type of rock is formed from magma or lava cooling? a. sedimentary b. igneous c. metamorphic d. mineral
POST-LESSON QUIZ 3. What type of rock forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together? a. sedimentary b. igneous c. metamorphic d. mineral
POST-LESSON QUIZ 4. What term describes the look or feel of a rock’s surface? a. texture b. grain c. density d. mass
POST-LESSON QUIZ 5. Which is not a characteristic that can be used to identify rocks? a. color b. crystal shape c. reaction to acid d. size of rock
Types of igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
Igneous metamorphic sedimentary
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