Chapter 5 Respiratory System and Introduction to Diagnostic

Chapter 5 Objective 1: Identify organs and structures of the respiratory system. Copyright ©

Respiratory System The respiratory system comprises the: • • • nose pharynx larynx trachea

Respiratory System Function (cont’d) Exchange of oxygen (O 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2)

Respiratory System Function (cont’d) External respiration: air containing oxygen passes through the respiratory tract:

Flow of Air Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985

Respiratory System Function (cont’d) Internal respiration: The body cells take on oxygen from the

The Respiratory System • Upper respiratory tract includes: - nose - pharynx - larynx

Organs of the Respiratory System Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994,

Organs of the Respiratory System • nose: lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs;

Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d) • larynx (voice box): location of the vocal

Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d) • bronchus: one of two branches from the

Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d) • lungs: two sponge-like organs in the thoracic

Chapter 5 Objective 2: Define and spell word parts related to the respiratory system.

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System • • • adenoid/o alveol/o bronchi/o, bronch/o diaphragmat/o,

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System (cont’d) • • pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o pulmon/o sept/o

Combining Forms Commonly Used with Respiratory System Terms • • atel/o capn/o hem/o, hemat/o

Prefixes • • • a-, anendoeupolytachy- Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998,

Suffixes • • -algia -ar, -ary, -eal -cele -centesis -ectasis -emia -gram • •

Suffixes (cont’d) • • • -rrhagia -scope -scopic -scopy -spasm -stenosis -stomy -thorax -tomy

Similar Suffixes Used in Diagnostic Terms Suffix -gram Meaning record, radiographic image -graph instrument

Three Word Parts That Incorporate the Root “tom” Word Part -tome (S) -tomy (S)

Review Question Which of the following is the combining form that means chest or

Review Question Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by

Chapter 5 Objective 4: Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the respiratory

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts • • • adenoidectomy adenotome bronchoplasty laryngectomy laryngoplasty

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • • • rhinoplasty septotomy sinusotomy thoracocentesis

Review Question Which of the following correctly labels the diagram? a) thoracocentesis b) tracheoplasty

Chapter 5 Objective 6: Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the respiratory

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts • • • acapnia alveolar anoxia aphonia apnea

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • • intrapleural laryngeal laryngospasm mucoid mucous

Compare and Contrast • • a/pnea dys/pnea eu/pnea hyper/pnea hypo/pnea orth/o/pnea tachy/pnea Copyright ©

Chapter 5 Objective 8: Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements,

Read Medical Terms in Use A 24 -year-old man visited the emergency department because

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Chapter 5 Respiratory System and Introduction to Diagnostic Procedures and Tests Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 5 Objective 1: Identify organs and structures of the respiratory system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Respiratory System The respiratory system comprises the: • • • nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lungs Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Respiratory System Function (cont’d) Exchange of oxygen (O 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) between the atmosphere and body cells. This process is called respiration or breathing. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4

Respiratory System Function (cont’d) External respiration: air containing oxygen passes through the respiratory tract: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi to the lungs (inhalation or inspiration). There, oxygen passes from the sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, to the blood in tiny blood vessels, called capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide passes back from the capillaries to the alveoli and is expelled through the respiratory tract (exhalation or expiration). Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Respiratory System Function (cont’d) Internal respiration: The body cells take on oxygen from the blood and simultaneously gives back carbon dioxide, a waste produced when food and oxygen combine in cells, which is transported by the blood back to the lungs for exhalation. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7

The Respiratory System • Upper respiratory tract includes: - nose - pharynx - larynx • Lower respiratory tract includes: - trachea - bronchi - lungs Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Organs of the Respiratory System • nose: lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air • pharynx (throat): serves as a food and air passageway – adenoids: lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity (also called pharyngeal tonsils) – tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and the oropharynx Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d) • larynx (voice box): location of the vocal cords • epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing and keeps food from entering the larynx • trachea: passageway for air to the bronchi Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11

Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d) • bronchus: one of two branches from the trachea, which conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (referred to as a bronchial tree) – bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree – alveoli: air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through alveolar walls and capillaries Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12

Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d) • lungs: two sponge-like organs in the thoracic cavity (right lung has three lobes; left lung has two lobes) – pleura: double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity • diaphragm: muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in breathing • mediastinum: space between the lungs Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13

Chapter 5 Objective 2: Define and spell word parts related to the respiratory system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System • • • adenoid/o alveol/o bronchi/o, bronch/o diaphragmat/o, phren/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o nas/o, rhin/o pharyng/o pleur/o Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15

Combining Forms for the Respiratory System (cont’d) • • pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o pulmon/o sept/o sinus/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16

Combining Forms Commonly Used with Respiratory System Terms • • atel/o capn/o hem/o, hemat/o muc/o orth/o ox/i phon/o • • • py/o radi/o somn/o son/o spir/o tom/o Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17

Suffixes • • -algia -ar, -ary, -eal -cele -centesis -ectasis -emia -gram • • • -graphy -meter -metry -pexy -pnea Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Suffixes (cont’d) • • • -rrhagia -scope -scopic -scopy -spasm -stenosis -stomy -thorax -tomy Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20

Similar Suffixes Used in Diagnostic Terms Suffix -gram Meaning record, radiographic image -graph instrument used to record; record -graphy process of recording, radiographic imaging Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21

Three Word Parts That Incorporate the Root “tom” Word Part -tome (S) -tomy (S) tom/o (CF) Meaning Chapter instrument used 4 to cut into or incision 5 cut, section 5 Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22

Review Question Which of the following is the combining form that means chest or chest cavity? a) -thorax b) -pexy c) thorac/o d) pleur/o Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23

Chapter 5 Objective 4: Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the respiratory system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts • • • adenoidectomy adenotome bronchoplasty laryngectomy laryngoplasty laryngostomy laryngotracheotomy lobectomy pleuropexy pneumonectomy Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • • • rhinoplasty septotomy sinusotomy thoracocentesis • • • thoracotomy tonsillectomy tracheoplasty tracheostomy tracheotomy Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27

Review Question Which of the following correctly labels the diagram? a) thoracocentesis b) tracheoplasty Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28

Chapter 5 Objective 6: Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the respiratory system. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts • • • acapnia alveolar anoxia aphonia apnea bronchoalveolar bronchospasm diaphragmatic dysphonia • • • dyspnea endotracheal eupnea hypercapnia hyperpnea hypocapnia hypopnea hypoxemia hypoxia (animation on Student Evolve site) Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d) • • intrapleural laryngeal laryngospasm mucoid mucous nasopharyngeal orthopnea phrenalgia • • • phrenospasm pulmonary pulmonologist pulmonology radiologist radiology rhinorrhea tachypnea thoracic Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31

Compare and Contrast • • a/pnea dys/pnea eu/pnea hyper/pnea hypo/pnea orth/o/pnea tachy/pnea Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32

Chapter 5 Objective 8: Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements, documents, and electronic health records. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33

Read Medical Terms in Use A 24 -year-old man visited the emergency department because of dyspnea, hyperpnea, paroxysms of cough, and the presence of thick, tenacious mucus. He had a history of asthma since the age of 12. A chest radiograph was negative for pneumonia. Arterial blood gases showed hypoxemia but no hypercapnia. Pulmonary function tests disclosed bronchoconstriction, which was corrected by a bronchodilator. A nebulizer was prescribed for treatment. The asthma attack was probably precipitated by an episode of bronchitis. Copyright © 2014, 2012, 2009, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1994, 1989, 1985 by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34