Chapter 5 Political Parties LEARNING OBJECTIVES LO 5

Chapter 5 Political Parties

LEARNING OBJECTIVES LO 5. 1 Identify the characteristics of American political parties. LO 5. 2 Understand the evolution of the party system in Texas. LO 5. 3 Evaluate the importance of party organization. LO 5. 4 Assess the functions of political parties in American and Texas politics. LO 5. 5 Apply what you have learned about Texas political parties. Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES 1 OF 2 • Two-Party System üCompetition usually between Democrats and Republicans üA result of single-member districts • One candidate elected to legislative body Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3

CHARACTERISTICS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES 2 OF 2 • Pragmatism üValence issues üPosition issues

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXAS PARTY SYSTEM 1 OF 7 • The One-Party Tradition in Texas • Ideological Factions in America and Texas üConservatives üLiberals Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5

Bill O’Leary/The Washington Post/Getty Images CONSERVATIVES AND POLICY Ted Cruz is a conservative Texas Republican who has been supported by both Christian conservatives and tea party activists. Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 6

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXAS PARTY SYSTEM 2 OF 7 • Conservatives, Liberals, and Texas Democrats ü Until 1900 s, conservative Democrats successful ü Most important factors: power and resources of conservative constituency Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXAS PARTY SYSTEM 3 OF 7 • The Rise of the Republican Party ü 1961: John Tower elected to U. S. Senate ü 1978: Bill Clements elected governor ü 1992: Republicans hold both U. S. Senate seats ü 1998: Republicans win every statewide election Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8

JOHN TOWER’S 1961 CAMPAIGN FLYER Screen Shot This 1961 campaign flyer presents U. S. Senate candidate John Tower’s positions on some of the most high profile issues of the day, many of which (though not all) remain salient 55 years later. Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9

CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATIC OFFICEHOLDERS IN TEXAS Body Democrats Republicans (1973) (2017) Texas House of Representatives 132 17 58 92 Texas Senate 28 3 11 20 U. S. House of Representatives 20 4 12 24 U. S. Senate 1 1 0 2 Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXAS PARTY SYSTEM 4 OF 7 • The Rise of the Republican Party continued üThe era of Republican dominance • Party realignment • Partisan identification • Dealignment Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXAS PARTY SYSTEM 5 OF 7 Strong Republican Support üHouston suburbs üForth Worth area üMidland-Odessa area üNorthern Panhandle üEast Texas rural counties üHill Country-Edwards Plateau area Weak Republican Support üSouth Central Texas üCentral cities of Austin, Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio üSouthwest Texas Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12

PERCENTAGE OF VOTERS INDICATING A MAJOR PARTY IDENTIFICATION Year Democrats Republicans Total Party Identifiers 1952 66 6 72 1972 57 14 71 1990 34 30 64 2002 25 37 62 2008 35 36 71 2014 31 38 69 2016 33 35 68 Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13

RESULTS OF THE 2016 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXAS PARTY SYSTEM 6 OF 7 • Conservatives and Moderates and Texas Republicans üEvangelical (fundamentalist) Christians üParty platform üTea party Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXAS PARTY SYSTEM 7 OF 7 • Can the Democrats Still Compete? üEncouraged by growing Latino population üTipping üSwing voters Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16

TEXAS LATINO POPULATION BY COUNTY Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17

THE ORGANIZATION OF TEXAS POLITICAL PARTIES 1 OF 2 • Temporary-Party Organization üPrecinct convention üCounty and senatorial district conventions üState conventions • Presidential preference primary Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18

TEXAS POLITICAL PARTY ORGANIZATION Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19

THE ORGANIZATION OF TEXAS POLITICAL PARTIES 2 OF 2 • Permanent-Party Organization üPrecinct-level organization üCounty-level organization üState-level organization Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20

THE FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES • The Party in the Electorate üHow citizens identify with parties • The Party as Organization üFormal structure of the party • The Party in Government üElected officials Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21