Chapter 5 Nomenclature Chapter 5 Table of Contents

Chapter 5 Nomenclature

Chapter 5 Table of Contents 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 5. 6 5. 7 Naming Compounds Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Naming Binary Compounds: A Review Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Naming Acids Writing Formulas from Names Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2

Section 5. 1 Naming Compounds • Binary Compounds § • Binary Ionic Compounds § • Composed of two elements Metal—nonmetal Binary Covalent Compounds § Nonmetal—nonmetal Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 3

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) • Binary ionic compounds contain positive cations and negative anions. § Type I compounds • § Metal present forms only one cation. Type II compounds • Metal present can form 2 or more cations with different charges. Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 4

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. A simple cation takes its name from the name of the element. 3. A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding –ide. Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 6

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) • Examples: KCl Potassium chloride Mg. Br 2 Magnesium bromide Ca. O Calcium oxide Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 7

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Exercise What is the name of the compound Sr. Br 2? a) b) c) d) strontium bromine sulfur bromide strontium dibromide strontium bromide Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 8

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) • • Metals in these compounds can form more than one type of positive charge. Charge on the metal ion must be specified. Roman numeral indicates the charge of the metal cation. Transition metal cations usually require a Roman numeral. Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 9

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. Because the cation can assume more than one charge, the charge is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses. Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 11

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) • Examples: Cu. Br Copper(I) bromide Fe. S Iron(II) sulfide Pb. O 2 Lead(IV) oxide Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 12

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Exercise What is the name of the compound Cr. O 2? a) b) c) d) chromium oxide chromium(II) oxide chromium(IV) oxide chromium dioxide Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 13

Section 5. 2 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Exercise What is the correct name of the compound that results from the most stable ion for sulfur and the metal ion that contains 24 electrons? a) b) c) d) iron(III) sulfide chromium(II) sulfide nickel(III) sulfate iron(II) sulfide Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 14

Section 5. 3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Rules for Naming Type III Binary Compounds • Formed between two nonmetals. 1. The first element in the formula is named first, and the full element name is used. 2. The second element is named as though it were an anion. 3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present. 4. The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element. Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 15

Section 5. 3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Prefixes Used

Section 5. 3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III) • Examples: CO 2 Carbon dioxide SF 6 Sulfur hexafluoride N 2 O 4 Dinitrogen tetroxide Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 17

Section 5. 3 Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III) Exercise What is the name of the compound Se. O 2? a) b) c) d) selenium oxide selenium dioxide selenium(II) oxide selenium(IV) dioxide Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 18

Section 5. 4 Naming Binary Compounds: A Review Flow Chart for Naming Binary Compounds

Section 5. 5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions • • Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of several atoms bound together. They have special names and must be memorized. Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 20

Section 5. 5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Names of Common Polyatomic Ions

Section 5. 5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions • Naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions follows rules similar to those for binary compounds. § Ammonium acetate Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 22

Section 5. 5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Examples Na. OH Sodium hydroxide Mg(NO 3)2 Magnesium nitrate (NH 4)2 SO 4 Ammonium sulfate Fe. PO 4 Iron(III) phosphate Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 23

Section 5. 5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical

Section 5. 5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Exercise What is the name of the compound KCl. O 3? a) b) c) d) potassium chlorite potassium chlorate potassium perchlorate potassium carbonate Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 25

Section 5. 5 Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions Exercise Examine the following table of formulas and names. Which of the compounds are named correctly? a) b) c) d) I, III, IV I only Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Formula Name I P 2 O 5 Diphosphorus pentoxide II Cl. O 2 Chlorine oxide III Pb. I 4 Lead iodide IV Cu. SO 4 Copper(I) sulfate Return to TOC 26

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids • • Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula—HCl. Molecule with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion. Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 27

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids Rules for Naming Acids • • If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro– and the suffix –ic attached to the root name for the element. Examples: HCl Hydrochloric acid HCN Hydrocyanic acid H 2 S Hydrosulfuric acid Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 28

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen Return to TOC Copyright

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids Rules for Naming Acids • If the anion contains oxygen: § The suffix –ic is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ate. • Examples: HNO 3 Nitric acid H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Acetic acid Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 30

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids Rules for Naming Acids • If the anion contains oxygen: § The suffix –ous is added to the root name if the anion name ends in –ite. • Examples: HNO 2 Nitrous acid H 2 SO 3 Sulfurous acid HCl. O 2 Chlorous acid Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 31

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids Some Oxygen-Containing Acids Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids Flowchart for Naming Acids Return to TOC Copyright ©

Section 5. 6 Naming Acids Exercise Which of the following compounds is named incorrectly? a) KNO 3 b) Ti. O 2 c) Sn(OH)4 d) PBr 5 e) H 2 SO 3 potassium nitrate titanium(II) oxide tin(IV) hydroxide phosphorus pentabromide sulfurous acid Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 34

Section 5. 7 Writing Formulas from Names Examples • • • Sodium hydroxide § Na. OH Potassium carbonate § K 2 CO 3 Sulfuric acid § H 2 SO 4 Dinitrogen pentoxide § N 2 O 5 Cobalt(III) nitrate § Co(NO 3)3 Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 35

Section 5. 7 Writing Formulas from Names Exercise A compound has the formula XCl 3 where X could represent a metal or nonmetal. What could the name of this compound be? a) b) c) d) phosphorus trichloride carbon monochloride tin(IV) chloride magnesium chloride Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 36