Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control 5

Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control

5. 1 Gravity and Energy of Motion

_________ Is the force that pulls all things to Earth.

Driving Up Hills n n You will ______speed unless you use extra power To hold speed n n You must ______the vehicle’s power to overcome the pulling force of gravity Easier to ______!

Driving Down Hills n Gravity will ______your speed while going down hill. n Will take you longer to ______! n Always ______while down a hill! going

______of ______ n Is the point around which an object’s weight is ______distributed. n Lower the center of gravity – the ______stable the object becomes. n SUVs very ______especially when you lift them. *Car carriers!

______of ______ n n n The ______energy or the energy an object has because it is moving. The faster your vehicle moves, the ______energy of motion it has. Energy of motion is also affected by the ______of the moving object.

Energy of Motion and Stopping Distance n n Go to page 93. When a truck weighs twice as much; it needs about ______the distance to STOP!

5. 2 Friction & Traction

______ n Is the force that keeps each tire from ______on the road. n You can feel the same force by rubbing your hands together.

______ n n Friction or gripping power between the ______and the roadway surface. Traction makes it possible for your vehicle to ______the road so you can change speed and direction.

TIRES!!!! n n Tires make a huge difference in the way your vehicle performs. Driving with low pressure in your tires can be the difference between avoiding a collision or hitting something. n We will discuss this very soon!

Tread and Traction n ______- outer grooved surface of a tire that grips the road. n Tread allows the tire to cut through ______and grip the road.

Bald tires n ______ grip the road n More likely to have a blowout. n ______ n Is where all the air escapes a tire at once.

Inflation and traction n See page 95 Always check the owner’s manual to find out the best air pressure range to keep your tires at! Check regularly! Cold weather – pressure ______ n Hot weather – pressure ______ n

Underinflation n Only the ______of the tires will grip the ground. Outside part of tires will wear first which equally short life of the tires. In emergencies it will not perform properly.

Overinflation n n Only the ______of the tire will grip the road. The center of the tire will wear more quickly than a normal tire.

Reduced Traction n Vehicle’s condition n ____________

When are the road most slippery? _______________________ __________

Curves n n n Energy of motion and traction will work on your vehicle as you go around a curve. The energy of motion will try to make your vehicle go ______in a curve. ______the speed = more it will tend to go straight.

Speed and Curves n n You cant control the ______but you can control your ______. Reduce your chances of skidding by ______your speed before entering a curve.

Sharpness of Curves n n The sharper a curve, the more traction your vehicle needs to grip the road. Sharper the curve = ______ your speed

Banked Curves n n A curve that is ______on the outside than it is on the inside. Helps to overcome your vehicle's tendency to move to the outside of the curve.

5. 3 Stopping Distance

__________ Distance The distance your car travels while you make a stop.

______ Time n n The ______ it takes to identify, predict, and decide to slow for a hazard. Perception time will vary depending on: n ______ n The ______ of hazard

Perception _____ n The ______ your vehicle travels during perception time. n Depending on the driving situation this may change.

______ Time n The length of time you take to execute your action. n Average reaction time is ______ of a second.

______ Distance n The distance your vehicle travels while you react.

______ Distance n The distance you vehicle travels from the time you ______ the brake until your vehicle ______. * If you accelerate from 20 mph to 40 mph, your braking distance will be about ______ times longer.

How do you estimate stopping distance? n n n Pick a fixed object or checkpoint ahead where you think you can stop. Count _____ seconds. Check your position. If you reached it, then you can assume that you could have stopped there under ideal conditions. *If you were traveling 65 mph, it would take about 300 ft to stop (length of a football field. )

Factors that Affect Braking Distance n n n Speed – higher speed ______ the braking distance Vehicle Condition – vehicles with worn shocks, ______, and brakes need longer time Roadway surface – rain, ______, ice, dirt, gravel, & ______ reduce traction

n n Driver Ability – if you are distracted or impaired, it will take you longer to stop your vehicle. Antilock Braking System – allows you to better control your stopping distance while turning Hills – braking ______ when driving downhill Loads – ______loads increase your braking distance

5. 4 Controlling Force of Impact

Force of Impact n The force with which a ___________________________ n Three factors that determine how hard something will hit another object: n ________________

Speed n n n Is the ______ factor in determining how hard a vehicle will hit another object. Any reduction in speed will greatly ______ the damage inflicted. Always try to ______ speed in an emergency.

Weight n n The heavier a vehicle, the ______ damage it will cause in a collision. A vehicle weighing twice as much as another vehicle will hit a solid object ______ as hard.

Distance between impact & stopping n n The _______ a vehicle covers between the instant it hits an object and the moment it comes to a _____ can vary greatly. Sand barrels slow your vehicle as it hits a guardrail.

How many collisions occur when you are in a collision? n n n 1 st – The _______ hits the object and stops. 2 nd – The _______ either hit the inside of the vehicle or their restraints devices. 3 rd – Occupants may suffer internal collisions as their organs _______ their bodies.

Passive Restraints Devices n Works n Ex. ______________

Active Restraint Devices n n Is a device that you have to _______. Ex. _______

How to wear safety belts 1. 2. 3. Adjust your seat to a comfortable upright position. Buckle your seatbelt making sure lap part is low and snug across your hips. Adjust shoulder part. Never put it behind your body!

Air Bags n Is balloon-type device that automatically inflates to protect you. n They deploy at speeds over _______ mph. n Are designed to work with ______. n Keep hands between 9 and 3 o’clock and 8 and 4 o’clock to prevent serious hand, arm, head, and eye injury.

Airbags continued… n n Make sure you sit at least _______ inches away from the steering wheel. Children in child seats and young people up to the age of _______ must sit in the back seat.

Air bag Improvements n n Sensors can measure weight, seat position, and severity of crash. n Deploys in 2 stages appropriate for speed and intensity Airbag switches give vehicle owners a choice about using an airbag.

Other Protection Devices n Automatic Safety Belts n n Front and rear crush areas n n Make sure you buckle the lap belt Designed to _______ on impact like an accordion Energy absorbing bumpers n Absorb low levels of impact up to _____ mph without damage

n Side door beams n n _______ windshield n n Steal beams built into the side door. Two pieces of glass with a thin layer of plastic in the middle help avoid flying glass. Energy-absorbing steering wheel n Designed to _______ when hit.

n _______ dash n n _______ seats n n Can reduce injury in all crashes All states require them. Must be used in the back seat. Head restraints n Padded head rests on top of seat protect against _______.

GOOD LUCK on Tuesday or Thursday