Chapter 5 Instructional Decision Making Objectives and Activities
Chapter 5 Instructional Decision. Making, Objectives, and Activities 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
MATHEMATICS 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Decision. Making Autonomy 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slides 5– 7 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Having Strong Control Over Various Decisions Determining the amount of homework to be assigned 56 44 Selecting teaching techniques Choosing criteria for grading student performance 29 12 Determining course goals and objectives Selecting content, topics, and skills to be taught 8 3 Selecting textbooks/programs 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Having Strong Control Over Various Decisions Determining the amount of homework to be assigned 77 70 Selecting teaching techniques Choosing criteria for grading student performance 56 Determining course goals and objectives 24 Selecting content, topics, and skills to be taught 23 13 Selecting textbooks/programs 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Having Strong Control Over Various Decisions Determining the amount of homework to be assigned 75 72 Selecting teaching techniques Choosing criteria for grading student performance 55 28 Determining course goals and objectives Selecting content, topics, and skills to be taught 24 20 Selecting textbooks/programs 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slide 9 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Mathematics Class Mean Scores for Curriculum and Pedagogical Control Composites, by Grade Range Class Mean Score 100 74 80 60 40 88 87 52 45 29 20 0 Elementary Curriculum Middle High Pedagogical 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Objectives of Mathematics Instruction 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slides 12– 14 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes with Heavy Emphasis on Various Instructional Objectives 69 Understanding math ideas Learning math practices 51 Increasing students’ interest in math 50 47 Preparing for further study in math Learning about real-life applications of math 45 Learning math procedures and/or algorithms 44 Learning test taking skills/strategies 37 Learning to perform computations with speed/accuracy 36 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes with Heavy Emphasis on Various Instructional Objectives 70 Understanding math ideas 57 Preparing for further study in math 54 Learning math practices 49 Learning math procedures and/or algorithms 42 Learning about real-life applications of math Increasing students’ interest in math 37 Learning test taking skills/strategies 36 Learning to perform computations with speed/accuracy 24 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes with Heavy Emphasis on Various Instructional Objectives 69 Understanding math ideas Learning math practices 55 Preparing for further study in math 55 48 Learning math procedures and/or algorithms Learning about real-life applications of math 29 Learning test taking skills/strategies 28 Increasing students’ interest in math 27 Learning to perform computations with speed/accuracy 18 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Class Activities 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slides 17– 25 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Explain math ideas to the whole class 97 Engage the whole class in discussions 96 Have students explain/justify how they solved a problem 88 Have students work in small groups 85 Provide manipulatives for students to use in investigations 82 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Have students consider multiple representations in solving a problem 78 Have students compare/contrast different methods for solving a problem 66 Have students present their solution strategies to the rest of the class 64 Give tests/quizzes that are predominantly short-answer 47 Have students read from a textbook 41 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Focus on literacy skills 40 Give tests/quizzes that include constructed/open-ended items 39 Have students practice for standardized tests 31 Have students write their reflections 26 Have students attend presentations by guest speakers 3 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Explain math ideas to the whole class 98 93 Engage the whole class in discussions Have students explain/justify how they solved a problem 85 Have students consider multiple representations in solving a problem 75 Have students work in small groups 70 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Have students compare/contrast different methods for solving a problem 63 Have students present their solution strategies to the rest of the class 60 Give tests/quizzes that include constructed/open-ended items 50 Have students practice for standardized tests 40 Give tests/quizzes that are predominantly short-answer 39 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Have students read from a textbook 34 Provide manipulatives for students to use in investigations 33 Focus on literacy skills 23 Have students write their reflections 21 Have students attend presentations by guest speakers 2 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Explain math ideas to the whole class 95 84 Engage the whole class in discussions Have students explain/justify how they solved a problem 79 Have students consider multiple representations in solving a problem 65 Have students work in small groups 63 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Have students compare/contrast different methods for solving a problem 56 Give tests/quizzes that include constructed/open-ended items 56 Have students present their solution strategies to the rest of the class 46 Give tests/quizzes that are predominantly short-answer 36 Have students practice for standardized tests 32 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes Using Various Activities at Least Once a Week Have students read from a textbook 25 Provide manipulatives for students to use in investigations 18 Focus on literacy skills 14 Have students write their reflections 11 Have students attend presentations by guest speakers 1 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slides 27– 29 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes in Which Students Use Various Technologies at Least Once a Week 43 Internet 36 Personal computers, including laptops 13 Four-function calculators Hand-held computers 5 Classroom response system or “Clickers” 4 Scientific calculators 4 Probes for collecting data 0 Graphing calculators 0 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes in Which Students Use Various Technologies at Least Once a Week Four-function calculators 40 Scientific calculators 40 26 Internet 22 Personal computers, including laptops 13 Graphing calculators 11 Classroom response system or “Clickers” 5 Hand-held computers 1 Probes for collecting data 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes in Which Students Use Various Technologies at Least Once a Week 64 Graphing calculators 53 Scientific calculators 33 Four-function calculators Internet 11 Personal computers, including laptops 10 Hand-held computers 4 Classroom response system or “Clickers” 4 1 Probes for collecting data 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slides 31– 33 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes Participating in Various Activities in the Most Recent Lesson Teacher explaining an idea to the whole class 93 Whole class discussion 89 80 Students completing worksheets 77 Students doing hands-on activities Teacher conducting a demonstration 74 Students using instructional technology 29 Students reading about mathematics 19 Test or quiz 19 Practicing for standardized tests 14 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes Participating in Various Activities in the Most Recent Lesson 93 Teacher explaining an idea to the whole class 85 Whole class discussion 78 Students completing worksheet problems 71 Teacher conducting a demonstration 37 Students doing hands-on activities 31 Students using instructional technology Practicing for standardized tests 23 Students reading about mathematics 23 19 Test or quiz 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes Participating in Various Activities in the Most Recent Lesson 95 Teacher explaining an idea to the whole class 83 Students completing worksheet problems 75 Whole class discussion 65 Teacher conducting a demonstration 43 Students using instructional technology Students doing hands-on activities 21 Test or quiz 20 Students reading about mathematics 17 Practicing for standardized tests 16 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slide 35 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Percentage of Time Spent on Different Activities in the Most Recent Mathematics Lesson, by Grade Range Average Percent of Class Time 60 48 40 42 40 29 26 24 24 22 22 20 10 6 0 Elementary 9 Middle High Whole class activities Small group work Students work individually Non-instructional activities 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Homework and Assessment Practices 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slide 38 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Amount of Homework Assigned in Mathematics Classes per Week, by Grade Range Percent of Classes 40 36 35 28 29 27 24 20 16 19 17 13 13 7 5 0 22 Elementary Middle <15 minutes/week 15– 30 minutes/week 61– 90 minutes/week >90 minutes/week 2012 NSSME 8 High 31– 60 minutes/week THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slides 40– 45 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Assessing Students Using Various Methods in the Most Recent Unit Questioned students during class activities 97 Reviewed student work 96 Used information from informal assessments of the entire class 90 Went over the correct answers to assignments/quizzes/tests 83 Administered quizzes and/or tests to see if students were “getting it” 73 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Elementary School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Assessing Students Using Various Methods in the Most Recent Unit Administered quizzes and/or tests to assign grades 73 Administered an assessment, task, or probe at the beginning of the unit 63 Assigned grades to student work 63 10 Had students use rubrics to examine work 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Assessing Students Using Various Methods in the Most Recent Unit 98 Questioned students during class activities Reviewed student work 95 Went over the correct answers to assignments/quizzes/tests 94 Used information from informal assessments of the entire class 88 Administered quizzes and/or tests to assign grades 88 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Middle School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Assessing Students Using Various Methods in the Most Recent Unit Administered quizzes and/or tests to see if students were “getting it” 86 Assigned grades to student work 85 Administered an assessment, task, or probe at the beginning of the unit 52 12 Had students use rubrics to examine work 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Assessing Students Using Various Methods in the Most Recent Unit Questioned students during class activities 97 Reviewed student work 96 Administered quizzes and/or tests to assign grades 94 Went over the correct answers to assignments/quizzes/tests 92 Administered quizzes and/or tests to see if students were “getting it” 86 0 20 40 60 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 80 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
High School Mathematics Classes in Which Teachers Report Assessing Students Using Various Methods in the Most Recent Unit 85 Assigned grades to student work Used information from informal assessments of the entire class 83 Administered an assessment, task, or probe at the beginning of the unit 42 8 Had students use rubrics to examine work 0 20 40 60 80 Percent of Classes 2012 NSSME 100 THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slide 47 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Frequency of Required External Testing in Mathematics Classes, by Grade Range 38 40 38 Percent of Classes 31 31 28 19 20 15 14 9 22 21 14 10 7 2 0 Elementary Never Once a year Middle Twice a year High 3– 4 times a year 2012 NSSME ≥ 5 times a year THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Original Data for Slides 49– 51 (not for presentation) 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Mathematics Classes Required to Take External Assessments Two or More Times per Year, by Prior Achievement Level of Class Percent of Classes 100 80 76 71 60 60 40 20 0 Mostly Low Achievers Average/Mixed Mostly High Achievers Prior Achievement Level of Class 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Mathematics Classes Required to Take External Assessments Two or More Times per Year, by Percentage of Students in Class from Historically Underrepresented Race/Ethnicity Groups Percent of Classes 100 83 80 60 56 65 71 40 20 0 Lowest % Second Quartile Third Quartile Highest % Underrepresented Quartiles of Classes Based on Percentage of Historically Underrepresented Students in Class 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Mathematics Classes Required to Take External Assessments Two or More Times per Year, by Percentage of Students in School Eligible for Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Percent of Classes 100 80 66 73 75 81 60 40 20 0 Lowest Poverty Second Quartile Third Quartile Highest Poverty Schools Quartile of Schools Based on Percentage of Students Eligible for Free-Reduced Lunch 2012 NSSME THE 2012 NATIONAL SURVEY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
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