Chapter 5 Culture Community Copyright 2001 by Allyn

Chapter 5: Culture & Community Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Overview Today’s Multicultural Classrooms Social Class Differences Ethnic & Racial Differences Women & Men: Differences in the Classroom Language Differences in the Classroom Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Bringing it All Together: Teaching Every Student Concept Map for Chapter 5 Today’s Multicultural Classrooms Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms Culture and Community Social Class Differences Language Differences In the Classroom Women & Men: Differences in the Classroom Ethnic and Racial Differences Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Today’s Multicultural Classroom The Melting Pot Cultural deficit model Multicultural education alternatives No ‘best’ approach The Banks Model See Figure 5. 1, Woolfolk p. 158 Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Bank’s Dimensions of Multicultural Education Knowledge Construction Process Content Integration Equity Pedagogy Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon Multicultural Education Empowering School Culture & Social Structure Prejudice Reduction

American Cultural Diversity Culture defined Group membership Cautions in interpreting cultural differences Teach individual students, not ethnicity! Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Social Class Differences SES Wealth, power, background, prestige Upper, middle, working, lower ‘Poor’ defined See Table 5. 1, Woolfolk p. 160, and Figure 5. 2, p. 161 Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

SES and Achievement Positive correlation: SES & achievement Related influences: Poor health care Low expectations Learned helplessness Peer influences and resistance cultures Tracking Childrearing styles Home environment and resources Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Ethnic and Racial Differences Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Definitions Ethnicity Race Minority group Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

The Changing Demographics: Cultural Differences Iceberg analogy Cultural conflicts Cultural compatibility Ethnic & racial differences in achievement Working with families & communities See Family and Community Partnerships, Woolfolk, p. 169 Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Ethnic and Racial Differences Discrimination Brown court case Prejudice Authoritarian personality Stereotypes and their effects Combating stereotypes Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Females & Males : Differences in the Classroom Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Gender Role Identity Differences between men & women Gender versus sex Androgynous Gender schemas Gender-role stereotyping Gender bias in the curriculum Sex discrimination in schools Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Sex Differences in Mental Abilities No overall IQ difference Girls show strength in reading, writing, language, computation Boys show strength in mathematical, mechanical, and visual information processing Why the differences? Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Eliminating Gender Bias Check textbooks for gender bias Watch for unintended biases in your classroom practices Check for equal opportunities for both sexes in school activities Use gender free language Provide role models See Guidelines, Woolfolk p. 179 Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Language Differences Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Dialects Language difference versus errors Pronunciation differences Dialects and teaching Bilingualism ESL LEP Bilingual education approaches Transition Maintain Research on bilingual programs Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Bilingualism Effective teaching See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 182 and Table 5. 3, p. 185 Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Goals for Cultural Compatibility Eliminate: Racism Sexism Prejudice Incorporate: Equal educational opportunities Culturally friendly teaching strategies Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Teaching Strategies Socialization Learning styles Appropriate cautions Sociolinguistics Participation structures Misunderstandings Culturally relevant pedagogy Focus on academic success Develop/maintain cultural competence Develop critical consciousness Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Application Question How would you lead a discussion group that included Caucasians, African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics? Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Reflection Question Compare and contrast teaching in an inner city school in Chicago with a school on a Navaho Indian Reservation. How would you vary your teaching strategies? Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student Know your students Respect your students Teach your students See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 192 Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Summary Today’s Multicultural Classrooms Social Class Differences Ethnic & Racial Differences Women & Men: Differences in the Classroom Language Differences in the Classroom Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Review Questions Distinguish between the “melting pot” and multiculturalism. What is multicultural education? What is culture? What is SES? What is the relationship between SES and school achievement? Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Review Questions Distinguish between ethnicity and race. How can ethnicity affect school performance? Distinguish between prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype threat. What is gender-role identity? How do gender-role identities develop? Are there sex differences in cognitive abilities? Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

Review Questions What are the origins of language differences in the classroom? What is bilingual education? What are the elements of a culturally compatible classroom? What is culturally relevant pedagogy? How can teachers create classrooms in which all students can learn? Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

End Chapter 5 Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon