CHAPTER 5 CLASSICAL GREECE 2000 B C 300

CHAPTER 5: CLASSICAL GREECE 2000 B. C – 300 B. C

A NOTE • PLEASE BE SURE TO BEGIN TO FAMILIARIZE YOURSELVES WITH THE VOCABULARY FOR EACH SECTION (The words in blue) as these will appear on quizzes

CULTURES OF THE MOUNTAINS AND THE SEA • Separate lands where people spoke Greek • The MINOANS established the first elegant civilization on the island of CRETE • They were powerful • Other people from around the Black Sea and Anatolia (modern day Turkey) came and settled in mainland Greece. • These people Indo-European people (from the same place as the people who settled in the Indus river valley) would become the Mycenaean's

GEOGRAPHY SHAPES GREEK LIFE • Main Peninsula in Mediterranean Sea • 2000 islands • How did the sea AFFECT GREEK LIFE AND CULTURE? • THE SEA: Aegean Sea, The Ionian Sea and Black Sea transportation routes. • The sea shaped Greeks like rivers shaped other places they became • Made Skilled sailors • Good Traders: • Traded for resources they lacked. (they did not have many trees or metals or good farmland for food)

THE LAND • Mountainous land, islands: • Separated people. • They made different governments. • Each separate valley made their own city state communities. • Land transportation was difficult. • Little fertile soil and resources • (they have to trade for things they need) • Not enough good soil to have lots of surplus food • Smaller populations

CLIMATE • GOOD moderate weather for going out. • Would go outside to enjoy public events • Met often to discuss news and public issues and take part in civic life.

MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION • Mycenaeans settled in Greece 2000 B. C • What were some of the Mycenae’s strengths? • Huge walls • Well fortified • Warrior kings ruled cities and the area surrounding the city. • Trade with other cities possible • Able to adapt Minoan culture

MYCENAEAN'S CONTACT WITH THE MINOANS • How did contact with the Minoans affect Mycenaean culture? • Contacted through trade or war and were influenced by them • They saw the value of seaborne trade (trading by boat) • Started sailing to coastal towns in Crete, Egypt, Italy, Anatolia, and Syria. • Adapted Minoan system of writing to fit the Greek language • Adapted Minoan decoration and art. • The Merging of the MINOAN and MYCENAEAN cultures formed the basis of GREEK CULTURE which is the basis for the culture of WESTERN CIVILIZATION

GREEK CULTURE DECLINES UNDER THE DORIANS • 1200 B. C. After Trojan War Mycenaeans are weak from war and are attacked by sea raiders. • New people: The DORIANS move into Greece • Less advanced than Mycenaeans: • Economy Collapsed • Trade stopped • No written records from 1150 to 750 B. C.

GREEK CULTURE DECLINES UNDER THE DORIANS PGS 125 -126 • No writing: people told stories to pass down information • Blind man and storyteller Homer Told narrative poems called “EPICS” that told of heroic deeds from when the Mycenaeans were great (ie. The Iliad and the Odyssey)

GREEK CULTURE DECLINES UNDER THE DORIANS PGS 125 -126 • Greeks create many MYTHS (traditional stories) about their gods. Used to understand Nature and humans, • Gods lived on Mt. Olympus • Ruler of the gods was Zeus (God of Thunder and Lighting) • There were many Gods that were in charge of different things. • Gods were not perfect and had the same flaws and personalities as humans.

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE TROJAN WAR?

TROJAN WAR • Took place during 1200 B. C • 10 Year war - Mycenaean Greeks VS. the Trojans of the city of TROY • According to HOMER’s EPIC (or story) the Iliad it was because a prince of Troy stole Helen (a beautiful princess) from the King of the powerful city state SPARTA. • According to the story the Greeks finally won by tricking the Trojans into thinking they had left and hiding soldiers in a hollow wooden horse that the Trojans brought into the city. • Beware of Greeks bearing gifts