CHAPTER 5 Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean

CHAPTER 5 Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece World Civilization: The Global Experience Fifth Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Longman

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece I. The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East II. The Hellenistic Period III. Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture IV. Patterns of Greek and Hellenistic Society Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece I. The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East A. The Persians 550 B. C. E. , Cyrus the Great Empire Conquered peoples retain culture Zoroaster Good vs. evil Last judgment Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece I. The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East B. The Political Character of Classical Greece Variety of polities Aristocracy generally dominant Literacy From 8 th century B. C. E. Iliad, Odyssey Basis for Hellenic The Greek World culture Architecture Colonnaded buildings Arts Sculpture Black and red pottery Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece I. The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East C. The City-State as a Political Unit City-states (polis) Participation Assemblies, councils 500 s Conflict between aristocracy and middling class Reform Solon of Athens Greater participation Poleis deeply united Public religion Political participation Cultural events, e. g. theatre Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece I. The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East D. The Rise of Democracy in Athens Solon Peisistratus Cleisthenes Council Popular assembly Oversight of most of the government Offices filled by lot Who was excluded? Women Slaves Foreigners and their children Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece I. The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East E. Fragmentation and Unity Colonization Spread of Greek culture Expansion of trade Religious games Truces Competition Olympics Delphi Conflict between cities Persian Wars Temporary unity Delian League Dominated by Athens versus Sparta Political contrast Competing alliances Peloponnesian War, 431 -404 Greece and Greek Colonies, c. 431 B. C. E. Athenian surrender, 404 B. C. E. Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece II. The Hellenistic Period Spread of Greek rule, Greek culture Formation of a common cultural area Mediterranean, Near East A. Macedonian Conquest Macedon compared to southern Greece Monarchy v. city-state Plains v. mountainous Linguistic differences Philip II (359 -336 B. C. E. ) By 338 B. C. E. , Greece conquered Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece II. The Hellenistic Period B. Alexander the Great Conquests, 334 -331 B. C. E. Into India, Egypt Cities founded Alexandria Death, 323 B. C. E. Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic World, , c. 323 B. C. E. Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece II. The Hellenistic Period C. Later Hellenistic States Division “Successor states” Alexander’s generals rule Egypt: Ptolemies Relative stability Persia: Seleucids Macedonia: Antigonids Civil wars Bactria Blend of Indian and Greek culture Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece III. Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture A. Religion, Philosophy, and Science Religion Pantheon of gods with human traits Mystery religions More emotional Philosophy Socrates Skepticism Plato Stoics Moral fortitude Science Pythagoras Euclid Galen Archimedes Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece III. Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture B. Literature and the Visual Arts Drama Public, religious, typified by conflict Sophocles Tragedy Aristophanes Comedy Oral epic Homer History Herodotus Thucydides Visual arts Public e. g. temples, victory sculpture Human achievement central Especially in Hellenistic period Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece III. Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture C. Hellenistic Culture Focus on exact sciences Geometry, medicine, etc. Art more emotional, less idealized Philosophy emphasizes withdrawal, not engagement Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece IV. Patterns of Greek and Hellenistic Society A. Economic and Social Structure Aristocracy Power from land, military role Economic expansion, colonization Challenges role of aristocracy Merchants Ambiguous place in society Slavery From captives B. Men, Women, and Social Divisions Patriarchy Women Legal and cultural disabilities Adultery in men tolerated Punishable in women Some improvement in Hellenistic period Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 5: Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece IV. Patterns of Greek and Hellenistic Society C. A Complex Legacy Ideas No lasting polities Artistic legacy Direct and indirect Consciously imitated, revived Mingled with Middle Eastern legacy Stearns et al. , World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5 th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007