Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Section 1 Biodiversity
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Section 1: Biodiversity Section 2: Threats to Biodiversity Section 3: Conserving Biodiversity Click on a lesson name to select.
5. 1 Biodiversity Objectives: 1. Describe three types of biodiversity. 2. Explain the importance of biodiversity. 3. Summarize the direct and indirect value of biodiversity.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 1 Biodiversity What is biodiversity? 1. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area. It increases the stability and health of an ecosystem.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 1 Biodiversity 2. Species diversity, the number of different species in a biological community, increases as you move from the polar regions to the equator.
3. Many medicines are derived from plants or other organisms. Penicillin is derived from bread mold.
§ Scientists continue to find new extracts from plants and other organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases. Madagascar periwinkle
4. Preserving healthy ecosystems is less expensive than using technological advances.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 1 Biodiversity § A healthy biosphere provides many services to humans and other organisms that live on Earth. § Green plants provide oxygen to the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide. § Natural processes provide drinking water that is safe for human use.
5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Objectives: 1. Describe the biodiversity crisis. 2. Explain the factors that threaen biodiversity. 3. Describe how the decline of a single species can affect an entire ecosystem.
1. Four factors that threaten biodiversity are: overexploitation, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation pollution.
2. Natural resources are all materials and organisms found in the biosphere, including: minerals fossil fuels nuclear fuels plants animals soil clean water clean air solar energy
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Factors that Threaten Biodiversity The current high rate of extinction is due to the activities of a single species—Homo sapiens.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity 3. Overexploitation, or excessive use, of species that have economic value is a factor increasing the current rate of extinction. § Examples: §Bison §Passenger pigeons §Ocelot §Rhinoceros Ocelot
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Habitat Loss § If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native species might have to relocate or they will die. Destruction of Habitat § The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on global biodiversity.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Disruption of Habitat § The declining population of one species can affect an entire ecosystem.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Fragmentation of Habitat 4. Habitat fragmentation is the separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land. Smaller pieces of land support fewer species. § Fragmentation reduces the opportunities for individuals in one area to reproduce with individuals from another area. § Carving the large ecosystem into small parcels increases the number of edges—creating edge effects.
5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity 5. Pollution and atmospheric changes threaten biodiversity and global stability. Carnivores at the higher trophic levels are affected the most.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Pollution 6. Biological magnification is the increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web. § One example is DDT that threatened the American Bald Eagle.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity 7. Acid precipitation is another pollutant affecting biodiversity by removing nutrients from the soil and harming plants and animals. § Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with water and other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. § Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium, and other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of these nutrients. Assessing Water Quality
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Eutrophication 8. Eutrophication occurs when fertilizers, animal waste, sewage, etc. flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth. § The algae use up the oxygen supply during their rapid growth and after their deaths during the decaying process. § Other organisms in the water suffocate.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Threats to Biodiversity Introduced Species 9. An introduced species is an nonnative species brought into a new habitat. § Lacking predators, they become invasive species.
5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity Objectives:
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity Natural Resources 1. An increase in human population increases the need for natural resources. 2. Natural resource consumption is much higher in developed countries. As the standard of living increases, the rate of natural resources consumption increases.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity 3. Renewable resources are resources that are replaced by natural processes faster than they are consumed. Ex. Solar energy, agricultural plants and animals, clean water and clean air. If the demand exceeds the supply of any resource, the resource might become depleted.
4. Nonrenewable resources are resources found in limited amounts or require a long time to replace. Ex. Fossil fuels and mineral deposits
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity 5. Sustainable use means using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled while preserving the long-term environmental health of the biosphere. 6. Conservation of resources includes reducing consumption, recycling resources, and preserving ecosystems.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity Protecting Biodiversity § Currently, about seven percent of the world’s land is set aside as some type of reserve. § The United Nations supports a system of Biosphere Reserves and World Heritage sites. § The region must have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat. § These hot spots originally covered 15. 7 percent of Earth’s surface, however, only about a tenth of that habitat remains.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity Hotspots 7. Endemic species are species that are only found in that specific geographic area. Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity Corridors Between Habitat Fragments 8. Habitat corridors, or passageways, connect habitat fragments and allow organisms to move safely from one area to another. A larger piece of land can sustain a wider variety of species and a wider variety of genetic variation.
9. Two methods of restoring ecosystems are bioremediation and biological augmentation.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity Bioremediation 10. Bioremediation involves the use of living organisms such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to detoxify a polluted area.
11. Biological augmentation is the process of adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem. Aphids are insects that destroy crops. Ladybugs can be used to control aphid infestation. jardinage. wordpress. com Ladybugs help control aphid populations. Photo courtesy of Nature’s Control www. sarracenia. com
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Conserving Biodiversity Restoring Ecosystems § The larger the affected area, the longer it takes for the biological community to recover.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice biologygmh. com Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Diagnostic Questions 1. Which factor is most responsible for the lack of plants in polar regions? A. heavy grazing by herbivores B. little precipitation C. no soil for plants to take root D. not enough sunlight
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Diagnostic Questions 2. What form of pollution is caused by extensive algae growth in waterways? A. acid precipitation B. eutrophication C. biological magnification D. edge effects
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Diagnostic Questions 3. Which is not a renewable resource? A. solar energy B. fossil fuels C. agricultural plants D. clean water
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 1 Formative Questions 4. Which has indirect economic value? A. ecosystems that decompose wastes B. organisms that provide food and shelter C. plants that contain medicinal substances D. species that have desirable genetic traits
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 1 Formative Questions True or False 5. It is likely that some of the world’s unidentified species will have economic value.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 1 Formative Questions 6. When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem become most apparent? A. when scientists begin to study the ecosystem B. when the ecosystem has been destroyed C. given economic D. when the ecosystem is provides useful services value
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Formative Questions 7. Which describes the current rate of species disappearance? A. background extinction B. mass extinction C. natural extinction D. progressive extinction
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Formative Questions 8. Where are most extinctions likely to occur in the near future? A. deserts B. grasslands C. tropical forests D. temperate forests
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Formative Questions 9. What is the primary factor that has endangered the North American bison and the white rhinoceros? A. habitat loss B. eutrophication C. overexploitation D. nonnative predators
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 2 Formative Questions 10. What is the number one cause of species extinction today? A. habitat loss B. human predators C. transported diseases D. background extermination
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Formative Questions 11. Which resource is nonrenewable? A. agricultural plants B. clean water C. forest timber D. mineral deposits
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Formative Questions 12. For which human activity is sustainable use not possible? A. farming B. logging C. oil drilling D. commercial fishing
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation 5. 3 Formative Questions 13. Which is an example of bioremediation? A. replanting trees in an area affected by acid rain B. using microorganisms to detoxify an oil C. spill enacting a law that protects endangered amphibians D. introducing natural predators to control a crop pest
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Assessment Questions 14. Look at the following figure. Name the process that is occurring with the increasing concentration of DDT.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Assessment Questions A. pollution B. extinction C. biological magnification D. habitat fragmentation
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Assessment Questions 15. Use the graph to determine the approximate recovery time for a volcanic eruption.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Assessment Questions A. 1 -10 years B. 10 -100 years C. 100 -1000 years D. 1000 years or more
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter Assessment Questions 16. Explain how killer whales adapted to their environment when their primary food source began to disappear. Answer: Killer whales started to prey on sea otters instead of sea lions and harbor seals.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Standardized Test Practice 17. Which type of biodiversity increases as you move geographically from the polar regions to the equator? A. ecosystem diversity B. genetic diversity C. social diversity D. species diversity
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Standardized Test Practice 18. How does genetic diversity increase a species’ chance of survival? A. It increases the number of organisms that useful genes. have B. It increases the ability of a species to adapt environmental changes. to C. It produces a variety of species within a biological community. D. It randomly distributes members of a species throughout an ecosystem.
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Standardized Test Practice 19. If a toxic substance enters this food web, which animals will have the highest concentration of the toxic substance in their tissues? A. fishes B. killer whales C. sea otters D. sea urchins
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Standardized Test Practice 20. What type of substances causes eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems? A. acid rain B. fertilizers C. PCBs D. pesticides
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Standardized Test Practice 21. Which factor has the greatest impact on a country’s rate of natural resource consumption? A. land area B. population C. industrialization D. availability of resources
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Standardized Test Practice 22. Which event has the greatest potential to cause irreversible damage to biodiversity? A. oil spill B. urbanization C. industrial pollution D. modern agriculture
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Image Bank
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Vocabulary Section 1 extinction biodiversity genetic diversity species diversity ecosystem diversity
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Vocabulary Section 2 background edge effect extinction mass extinction natural resource overexploitation habitat fragmentation biological magnification eutrophication introduced species
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Vocabulary Section 3 renewable resource nonrenewable resource sustainable use endemic bioremediation biological augmentation
Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Animation § Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots
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