Chapter 5 B Modern CPUs Different Processors 5

Chapter 5 B Modern CPUs

Different Processors 5 B 2

Microcomputer Processors Intel ◦ Leading manufacturer of processors ◦ Intel 4004 was worlds first microprocessor ◦ IBM PC powered by Intel 8086 ◦ Current processors Centrino Itanium Pentium Xeon Core i 3, i 5, i 7 Core v. Pro: Business comp & Intelligent 5 B 3

Microcomputer Processors Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) ◦ Main competitor to Intel ◦ Originally produced budget products ◦ Current products outperform Intel ◦ Current processors Sempron Athlon FX 64 Turion Phenom AMD A-Series (A 4, A 6, A 8, A 10) AMD FX 8 -Core, 6 -Core, 4 -Core 5 B 4

Microcomputer Processors Freescale ◦ A subsidiary of Motorola ◦ Co-developed the Apple G 4 Power. PC ◦ Currently focuses on the Linux market 5 B 5

Microcomputer Processors IBM ◦ Historically manufactured mainframes ◦ Partnered with Apple to develop G 5 First consumer 64 bit chip 5 B 6

Comparing Processors Speed of processor Size of cache Number of registers Bit size Speed of Front Side Bus (FSB) 5 B 7

Advanced Processor Topics RISC processors ◦ Reduced Instruction Set Computing ◦ Smaller instruction sets ◦ May process data faster ◦ Power. PC and G 5 5 B 8

Advanced Processor Topics Parallel Processing ◦ Multiple processors in a system ◦ Symmetric Multiple Processing Number of processors is a power of 2 ◦ Massively Parallel Processing Thousands of processors Mainframes and super computers 5 B 9

Extending The Processors Power Standard computer ports ◦ Keyboard and mouse ports ◦ USB ports ◦ Parallel ◦ Network ◦ Modem ◦ Audio ◦ Serial ◦ Video ◦ HDMI 5 B 10

Standard Computer Ports 5 B 11

Extending The Processors Power Serial and parallel ports ◦ Connect to printers or modems ◦ Parallel ports move bits simultaneously Made of 8 – 32 wires Internal buses are parallel ◦ Serial ports move one bit Lower data flow than parallel Requires control wires A computer chip called UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) converts parallel computer data into serial output 5 B 12

Serial port 5 B 13

Serial Communications 5 B 14

Parallel Communications 5 B 15

Parallel Port 5 B 16

Extending The Processors Power SCSI ◦ Small Computer System Interface ◦ Supports dozens of devices ◦ Fast hard drives and CD-ROMs 5 B 17

Extending The Processors Power USB ◦ Universal Serial Bus ◦ Most popular external bus ◦ Supports up to 127 devices ◦ Hot swappable ◦ Type A (large) and B (regular) 5 B 18

Extending the Processors Power Fire. Wire ◦ IEEE 1384 ◦ Cameras and video equipment ◦ Hot swappable ◦ Port is very expensive 5 B 19

Extending the Processors Power HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) Very popular at the moment Transfers sound and video with the highest quality No risk of loosing quality as with normal video data cables Transfers High Definition multimedia 5 B 20

Extending the Processors Power Expansion slots and boards ◦ Allows users to configure the machine ◦ Slots allow the addition of new devices ◦ Devices are stored on cards ◦ Computer must be off before inserting 5 B 21

Extending the Processors Power PC Cards ◦ Expansion bus for laptops ◦ PCMCIA ◦ Hot swappable ◦ Small card size ◦ Three types, I, II and III ◦ Type II is most common 5 B 22

Extending the Processors Power Plug and play ◦ New hardware detected automatically ◦ Prompts to install drivers ◦ Non-technical users can install devices 5 B 23