Chapter 5 Ancient Greece Lesson 7 Early Classical

Chapter 5: Ancient Greece Lesson 7: Early Classical

Warm-up 10 -6 -14 Respond to the following: 1. What is the title of this work? Ch. 5 L 6 Greece Obj: SWBAT describe the importance of the Acropolis HW Due Today: • Test Corrections • Read pages 124128, 132 -133 2. Who is the artist? 3. What is contrapposto? 4. What is the canon?

Early Classical Period Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) Artist: Polykleitos Stylistic Features: Contrapposto , asymmetrical Canon or Canon of Polykleitos– mathematical formula for perfect proportions of a statue

CONTRAPPOSTO If we look at the early Greek sculpture, the Anavysos Kouros (c 525 BCE), the unnatural stiffness is still present. . the shoulders are level. . . the hips are level. . . both fists are level. . . even the knees are level. . . but the left leg is thrust forward. The left leg is forward and would have to be six inches longer! Does the Anavysos Koursos statue demonstrate contrapposto? The Answer is NO.

CONTRAPPOSTO (or COUNTERBALANCE)-describes the stance of the human body in which one leg bears the weight while the other is relaxed. An asymmetry is created in the shoulder-hip axis. This is a natural, relaxed body pose. Early sculptures of human figures, while anatomically correct, appeared stiff and unnatural Contrapposto first appeared in classical Greek sculpture. . the left shoulder is higher than the right shoulder. . . an angle from the right shoulder to the left hip. The leg is relaxed and the hip bone is lower. . the right leg bears all the body’s weight. Also notice how the knees are not level and at an angle. The shoulders counterbalance the hips. If the hips and shoulders were parallel, we could not balance and would fall over!

Early Classical Period Function & Significance: This is a Roman copy The embodiment of the perfect statue of a nude male or warrior Harmony of opposites—appearing to step forward but not moving Motion while at rest

Announcements: Due today—Test corrections ½ point for each multiple choice correction ½ point for each point lost on short answer pages 133 -141 Mrs Q will have a sub on thurs and Friday next week Excellent report & clean room = movie for a period & a candy bar Agenda: Warm-up Announcements and Reminders Review Hera Temple I Read Office Hours Tuesday 3: 00 -4: 00 Thursday 3: 00 -4: 00

Early Classical Period

Greek Context

Early Classical Period Context: • The Greeks defeated the Persians • High point in Greek society • The era of Socrates, Pythagoras, and other influential people on philosophy, science, literature, etc. • Pythagoras discovers harmonic chords expressed in ratios or proportions —thought that these proportions could be found in nature

Aerial View & Model of the Acropolis http: //mil. cccd. edu/classes/art 100/module 6. htm Gardner’s Art Through the Ages

The Acropolis video http: //www. history. co m/topics/ancienthistory/ancientgreece/videos/decon structing-history-theacropolis

Acropolis Athens, Greece

High Classical Period The Acropolis Athens, Greece Dates of construction: • Patron: Pericles (Athenian leader) • 447 BCE-438 BCE General description/significance: Acropolis = “High City” Site was sacked by Persians—much damage suffered Pericles reconstructed the site with Athenian funds Byproduct of tyranny and abuse of power

High Classical Period Names of structures & locations: 1. 2. 3. 4. The Parthenon Propylaia (west gateway) Erechtheion Temple of Athena Nike 4 1 2 3

Iktinos and Kallikrates Parthenon, Temple of Athena Parthenos Acropolis, Athens, Greece 447 -438 B. C. E.

Iktinos and Kallikrates Parthenon, Temple of Athena Parthenos Acropolis, Athens, Greece 447 -438 B. C. E.

High Classical Period The Parthenon Architecture Architects: • Iktinos and Kallikrates General description/significance: House Statue of Athena Perfect Doric Temple design Proportions are mathematical-Symmetry can be expressed algebraically

High Classical Period The Parthenon Architecture Significant structural features Irregular features: Curved stylobate– which leaves slight curve through the entablature Columns lean in slightly Corner columns are 2 inches thicker Meaning of Irregular features: • each block had to be individual and unique to it’s place in the temple • Curving horizontals and tilting vertical lines = Architectural contrapposto • Compensation for optical illusions

Check for understanding • What are the irregular features of the Parthenon? • What are the meanings behind the irregular features?

High Classical Period The Parthenon plan Description: Peristyle columns—single row of columns Significant structural features Cella had 4 Ionic columns and ionic frieze (but it’s a Doric style structure) Meaning (? ): • Ionians are decedents of Athens • Athen’s is the leader of all the Greeks

Check for understanding • What is unusual about the plan of this temple? • What are the possible meanings behind the unusual features?

Exit Slip What cultural beliefs do these pieces represent about the classical Greek era? Use 3 examples of VISUAL evidence from these works to justify your answers. The Parthenon/Doryphorous was constructed with. . The function of the Parthenon/Doryphorous was. . Visual Evidence Cultural meaning 1. 2. 3.

Lapith versus centaur Flashcard

Flashcards Three Goddess (Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite? ) Helios and his horses, and Dionysis 1. Helios 4. Nike 7. Hera 10. Atlas 2. Herakles 5. Athena 8. Hephaistos 11. The Hesperides 3. The Fates 6. Zeus 9. Hermes 12. Nyx

Lapith versus Centaur Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens ca. 447 -438 marble 4 ft. 8 in. high

Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens, Greece ca. 421 -405 B. C. E.

Caryatids from the South Porch of the Erechtheion Acropolis, Athens, Greece ca. 421 -405 B. C. E. marble figures approximately 91 in. high

Exit Slip—No Notes Allowed • List the 3 unusual characteristics about the Temple of Hera I Paestum, Italy