CHAPTER 44 MOTIVATION EMOTION EMOTION IN DETAIL PRESENTED

CHAPTER 44 MOTIVATION & EMOTION: EMOTION IN DETAIL PRESENTED BY: JULIENE DURAN PAEZ

SURVEY QUESTIONS: • What physiological changes underlie emotion, and can “lie detectors” really detect lies? • How accurately are emotions expressed by the face and “body language”? • How do psychologists explain emotions?

1. PHYSIOLOGY & EMOTION-AROUSAL & LYING • Emotions (fear, excitement, worriedness etc. ) >>> Sweating, pounding heart, restlessness, sensitivity to loud noises and other body changes. • These body changes are caused by the Autonomic Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System: The system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands, ANS is also Automatic • Sympathetic Branch: A part of the Autonomic Nervous System that activates the body at times of stress • Parasympathetic Branch: A part of the Autonomic Nervous System that calms and relaxes the body for instance after stress • Example: Getting scared

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

LIE DETECTORS • Lie Detectors/Polygraph (many writings): A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response • These devices are mostly used by the police to detect if a suspect is telling the truth or lying • In some cases it occurs that the polygraph tests can be failed, it depends on the questions that are asked during the process • Guilty Knowledge test: Polygraph procedure involving testing people with knowledge only a guilty person could know • Example: Killing someone with a gun • There is also another effective method to detect if someone is telling the truth or not, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI)

EMOTION & BRAIN • Amygdala (part of the Limbic system): Within the brain that produces fear responses • Example: People who suffer from phobias and anxiety often feel afraid without knowing why • Damage in the amygdala >>> the person becomes “blind” to emotion • “Two-layer” Processing: Positive and negative emotions at the same time • Example: Feel very afraid and yet Think you have nothing to be afraid of Positive emotions Negative Emotions

2. EXPRESSING EMOTIONS-MAKING FACES AND TALKING BODIES • Facial Expressions • Cultural Differences in Expressing Emotions • Gender Differences in Expressing Emotions - Alexithymia: A difficulty expressing emotions; more common in men • Body Language - Kinesics: Study of meaning of body movements, posture, hand, gesture, and facial expressions >> Body language

3. THEORIES OF EMOTION-SEVERAL WAYS TO FEAR A BEAR • The James-Lange Theory: States that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal (physical) • The Cannon-Bard Theory: States that activity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously (physical) • Schachter’s Cognitive Theory of Emotion: States that emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues (mental)

• Attribution: The mental process of assigning causes to events • Emotional Appraisal: Evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation • Facial Feedback Hypothesis: States that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels

THANK YOU! QUESTIONS?