CHAPTER 41 INTRODUCING EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA I

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CHAPTER 41 “INTRODUCING EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA”

CHAPTER 41 “INTRODUCING EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA”

I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY A. Landforms 1. East and Southeast Asia extends from Burma to

I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY A. Landforms 1. East and Southeast Asia extends from Burma to Japan. a. Russia to the north b. India to the southwest c. Indian Ocean to the south d. Pacific Ocean to the east

2. Mountainous volcanic islands line East and Southeast Asia to the north and south.

2. Mountainous volcanic islands line East and Southeast Asia to the north and south. a. Form part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. b. World’s largest concentration of active volcanoes. 3. Rugged mountains, plateaus, and hills dominate the region. a. Himalayas form a boundary between East Asia and South Asia.

b. The Kunlun, the Qun Ling, and the Greater Khingan ranges all lie within

b. The Kunlun, the Qun Ling, and the Greater Khingan ranges all lie within China. c. Plateaus are very dry with extremely cold winters. d. Tarim Basin, between the Kunlun and the Tian Shan ranges, drops below sea level. e. The Gobi is part of the plateau of Mongolia.

4. The region’s river valley’s are the most densely populated places on Earth. a.

4. The region’s river valley’s are the most densely populated places on Earth. a. Rivers provide good soil for farming and transportation. b. The region’s rivers include two of the world’s longest: Huang He (Yellow River) in northern China and the Chang (Yangtze) in central China. 5. Lowland areas include the North China Plain, the Manchurian Plain, and the

B. Climate 1. The climates of areas outside the river valleys and plains cannot

B. Climate 1. The climates of areas outside the river valleys and plains cannot support high population density. a. Gobi and Taklimakan deserts have hot summers and bitterly cold winters.

b. Highland climates of interior East Asia and the severe subarctic climate along the

b. Highland climates of interior East Asia and the severe subarctic climate along the borders of Mongolia, China, and Russia are too cold for human settlement. 2. The region does have other climates. a. Humid-continental in parts of northeastern China, North Korea, and northern Japan.

b. Humid-subtropical climate in southern Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and southern China. c. Humid

b. Humid-subtropical climate in southern Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and southern China. c. Humid tropical climate on the western islands of Indonesia and the coasts of Southeast Asia. d. Tropical-savanna climate on some of the eastern islands of Indonesia and the interior mainland of Southwest Asia.

C. Rainfall 1. Extremes of rainfall characterize much of East and Southeast Asia. 2.

C. Rainfall 1. Extremes of rainfall characterize much of East and Southeast Asia. 2. Much of the rainfall is seasonal due to the monsoon system. a. Winter months are dry, while summer months are humid and rainy. 3. The island nations of the region receive rain even during the winter.

II. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY D. Agriculture 1. Most of the people of the region are

II. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY D. Agriculture 1. Most of the people of the region are involved in agriculture. 2. In humid-tropical and humid subtropical climates, rice is the principal food crop. a. Rice and other crops are grown in water-covered fields called paddies.

b. These fields produce most of the region’s food. 3. In tropical climates, export

b. These fields produce most of the region’s food. 3. In tropical climates, export crops such as rubber, tea, coffee, coconuts, sugarcane, and various spices are grown. 4. In the humid-continental and steppe climates, wheat is the main food crop. 5. In the deserts and high-plateau areas, herders keep flocks of sheep and other animals.

E. Fishing 1. Aquaculture is an important local activity. a. Seafood is commercially farmed

E. Fishing 1. Aquaculture is an important local activity. a. Seafood is commercially farmed in protected bays and river mouths. b. Local food supply depends upon freshwater fish. 2. Several nations in the region have huge fishing fleets. F. Forests 1. The region’s forest resources are divided into two types:

a. Middle-latitude forests b. Tropical forests 2. The tropical rain forests of Thailand, Indonesia,

a. Middle-latitude forests b. Tropical forests 2. The tropical rain forests of Thailand, Indonesia, Burma, and the Philippines have been depleted by logging. G. Mineral and Energy Sources 1. Some of the region’s most abundant mineral resources are tin, tungsten, coal, and iron ore.

a. More than half of the world’s tin is found in the region. b.

a. More than half of the world’s tin is found in the region. b. The region also holds more than onethird of the world’s supply of tungsten. 2. Indonesia, Brunei, and Malaysia are major producers and exporters of petroleum. 3. Melting snow from high mountains and large quantities of rainfall provide dependable sources of hydroelectricity.

H. Industrialization 1. Japan is the region’s major economic force and also a leader

H. Industrialization 1. Japan is the region’s major economic force and also a leader in foreign investment and international banking. a. Is also a major exporter of automobiles and high tech electronic products. 2. Rapid industrialization characterizes several other nations of the region. a. Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea are called the “Four

b. Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia are called the “Little Dragons”. 3. Some nations of

b. Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia are called the “Little Dragons”. 3. Some nations of the region, however, remain isolated and poor. 4. Rapid industrialization has a great effect in the region. a. Large-scale movement of people from rural areas to cities, resulting in growth of shantytowns, sewage problems and traffic congestion.

b. Severe industrial pollution of rivers and coastlines. c. Air pollution

b. Severe industrial pollution of rivers and coastlines. c. Air pollution

III. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY A. Population and Culture 1. Roughly 1/3 of the world’s population

III. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY A. Population and Culture 1. Roughly 1/3 of the world’s population live in East and Southeast Asia. 2. Population growth in much of the region continues at a rapid rate. a. Some nations have programs to control their population growth. 3. A tremendous variety of cultures exists among the region’s peoples.

B. Language 1. Hundreds of different languages are spoken throughout the region. 2. Some,

B. Language 1. Hundreds of different languages are spoken throughout the region. 2. Some, like Chinese, are characterbased instead of small alphabet letters. 3. Some countries have adopted one official language to unify the people. 4. English has become the business language of many nations throughout the region.

C. Religion 1. Most of the world’s major religions are represented in the region.

C. Religion 1. Most of the world’s major religions are represented in the region. 2. Islam is the main religion in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. 3. Christianity is practiced primarily in the regions of East and Southeast Asia that were once controlled by European countries. 4. Buddhism is the major religion in Thailand, Burma, Tibet, Laos,

5. China’s religions are a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. 6. The Japanese

5. China’s religions are a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. 6. The Japanese mainly practice Shinto and Buddhism. D. Colonial History 1. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many parts of East and Southeast Asia came under the control of foreign countries.

a. Great Britain-Burma, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Hong Kong. -Hong Kong switched over to

a. Great Britain-Burma, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Hong Kong. -Hong Kong switched over to China’s control in 1997. b. Netherlands-Indonesia c. France-Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. d. Portugal-small possessions on island of Timor, and Macao. e. The United States-Philippines

2. China was also a target of foreign control. a. Europeans dominated its coastal

2. China was also a target of foreign control. a. Europeans dominated its coastal ports in the nineteenth century. b. Japan invaded China in the 1930 s and 1940 s. 3. During World War II, Japan’s empire included most of East and Southeast Asia.

E. Post-World War II 1. After World War II, the countries in the region

E. Post-World War II 1. After World War II, the countries in the region sought independence. a. Maps of the region were redrawn to include the new nations of the Philippines, Indonesia, Burma, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. b. The People’s Republic of China was established in 1949.

2. In the early 1950’s, the Korean War pitted South Korean, U. S. ,

2. In the early 1950’s, the Korean War pitted South Korean, U. S. , and United Nations forces against North Korea and China. 3. In the late 1960 s and early 1970 s, the Vietnam War ended in the unification of North and South Vietnam under a Communist government. F. Political Geography 1. Political systems vary widely throughout the region.

2. Today, tensions among the nations of the region continue.

2. Today, tensions among the nations of the region continue.

POSSIBLE ASSIGNMENTS: 1. Video tapes on Buddhism and Hinduism 2. Map of the Far

POSSIBLE ASSIGNMENTS: 1. Video tapes on Buddhism and Hinduism 2. Map of the Far East 3. Videodisc: a. Japan Wks. (pg. 118, 119) b. China Wks. (pg. 124 -126) c. Philippines Wks. (pg. 136 -138) d. Thailand Wks. (pg. 143, 144) 3. 2 page typed paper on any country of the Far East. 4. Building Voc, Recalling and Reviewing,