Chapter 4 Weather Climate Defining weather climate Controls

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Chapter 4: Weather & Climate • Defining weather & climate • Controls of weather

Chapter 4: Weather & Climate • Defining weather & climate • Controls of weather & climate – – – Solar energy/latitude Land water distribution Landform barriers Atmospheric pressure Wind systems Elevation • California’s Seasonal Changes • California’s Climate Zones • Climographs

Distribution of solar energy annually

Distribution of solar energy annually

The differential heating of land water

The differential heating of land water

• Landform barriers and weather; orographic precipitation

• Landform barriers and weather; orographic precipitation

• Pressure and stability/instability

• Pressure and stability/instability

• Global pressure and wind system

• Global pressure and wind system

• Upper Level Inversion

• Upper Level Inversion

What is Smog? • Ozone (O 3) - invisible, irritates, impairs breathing • Nitrogen

What is Smog? • Ozone (O 3) - invisible, irritates, impairs breathing • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) - brown, impairs breathing • Carbon Monoxide (CO) - invisible, reduces bloods oxygen • Particulate Matter under 10 microns (PM 10) - invades deep into lungs, reduces visibility

Ozone Formation • product of solar energy and photochemical reactions. • highest concentrations occur

Ozone Formation • product of solar energy and photochemical reactions. • highest concentrations occur when sunlight is most intense. • reaches peak levels during the middle of the day in the summer months. • these types of air pollution patterns are called diurnal and seasonal variations

Ozone • one of the most important air pollutants affecting human health. • Ozone

Ozone • one of the most important air pollutants affecting human health. • Ozone (O 3) is a molecule built of three atoms of oxygen linked together in a very energetic combination. • comes into contact with a surface it rapidly releases this extra force in the form of chemical energy. • When this happens in biological systems, respiratory tract, can cause damage to sensitive tissues.

AQI 0 -50 51 -100 101 -150 151 -200 200+ Good Moderate Unhealthy for

AQI 0 -50 51 -100 101 -150 151 -200 200+ Good Moderate Unhealthy for sensitive groups Unhealthy Very Unhealthy

• California Summer – East Pacific (Hawaiian) High – California Current, Advection Fog

• California Summer – East Pacific (Hawaiian) High – California Current, Advection Fog – Catalina Eddy – Summer Storms

• California Autumn – Weakening of Pacific High – Interior Cooling – Winds

• California Autumn – Weakening of Pacific High – Interior Cooling – Winds

• California Winter – Aleutian Low, Mid-Latitude Cyclones – Variability – Radiation Fog

• California Winter – Aleutian Low, Mid-Latitude Cyclones – Variability – Radiation Fog

• California Spring – Interior heating – Pacific High strengthening

• California Spring – Interior heating – Pacific High strengthening

• • • BSh—semi-arid, hot summer Csa—Mediterranean, hot summer BWh—arid, hot summer Csb—Mediterranean,

• • • BSh—semi-arid, hot summer Csa—Mediterranean, hot summer BWh—arid, hot summer Csb—Mediterranean, mild summer Csbn—Mediterranean, cool summer w/fog

• World’s Mediterranean Climates

• World’s Mediterranean Climates

• World’s Deserts

• World’s Deserts

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Weather Climate Weather Climate Definitions Weather the stateWeather Climate Weather Climate Definitions Weather the state
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Weather and Climate Weather and Climate Weather conditionWeather and Climate Weather and Climate Weather condition
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Climate and Climate Change Weather vs Climate WeatherClimate and Climate Change Weather vs Climate Weather
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