Chapter 4 The War for Independence Section 3

Chapter 4 The War for Independence Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga • KEY TERMS • • • Valley Forge Trenton Saratoga Inflation Profiteering

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga • British decide to stop rebellion by isolating New England • 32, 000 British soldiers and Hessians take New York in summer of 1776 • Many colonial troops killed • Washington’s army retreats to Pennsylvania

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga • Battle of Trenton – Christmas 1776 – Washington Crosses Delaware River in NJ – Surprises Hessian garrison – Wins Battle of Trenton • Eight days later, Americans win battle of Princeton against British

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga • French secretly start sending weapons to Americans (1776) • French recognize American Independence, sign treaty in 1778 vowing no peace until Britain recognizes American Independence

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga • Valley Forge – Continental Army of 10, 000 camps there during winter of 1777 -1778 – During this time more than 2, 000 die of cold and hunger – Situation desperate

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga • Need for Money – Congress sells BONDS to investors & foreign governments – Prints paper money called “Continentals” – Inflation (rising prices for goods) – Some Officials engage in “Profiteering” by selling scarce items for extreme profit – Price gouging – Two patriots Morris & Salomon use own credit to borrow money to pay army

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga • Civilians at War – Husbands fight, women manage homes & businesses – Many women cook, wash, mend clothing, provide medical care to troops – Some women fight – Thousands of African American Slaves escape to cities, frontier – Approx 5, 000 African Americans serve in Continental Army