Chapter 4 The Learning Environment 2015 Cengage Learning

Indoor Environment Should welcome everyone in Should be an aesthetic experience Debe ser una

Indoor Environment Hands-on/support child-choice Accommodate small and large groups Arreglos y centros sugeridos Design

Homelike Classroom Filled with images of children, families, and teachers Lleno de imágenes de

Homelike Classroom Provides richness of texture and color without being overwhelming Proporciona riqueza de

Learning Centers Also called interest centers, zones, clusters, or activity centers, where materials and

Learning Centers Focus on one curriculum area like puzzles and manipulatives Se centran en

More on Learning Centers Planned for child initiated hands-on experiences with a variety of

More on Learning Centers Well-planned, continuous introduction and rotation of new materials stimulates interest

More on Learning Centers Learning centers make possible individual and small group instruction while

More on Learning Centers Clearly arranged spaces assist children in setting their own pace

Common Early Childhood Learning Centers Books, language, listening, and writing center Dramatic play, home

Common Early Childhood Learning Centers Libros, idioma, escuchando y centro de escritura Juego dramático,

Four Room Zones The zones in a room: active, quiet, wet, dry Las zonas

Four Room Zones Think of the activities that take place in each center. Where

Infants & Toddlers May not have as many centers as older children No puede

Infants & Toddlers Spaces for infants also have the same zones, but the materials

Infants & Toddlers Infants Wet area would include diapering and feeding Zona Dry húmeda

Learning Centers for Primary Grades Engage students in learning by applying skills and concepts

Learning Centers for Primary Grades Integrar varios temas para que el aprendizaje ocurre en

Outdoor Environment Invites you to “come on out” Curriculum for the outdoors parallels what

Outdoor Environment Safety is the first priority La seguridad es la prioridad Essential part

Outdoor Environment Disappearance of recess El recreo esta desapareciendo Effect of confinement to small

Simple experiences with nature can be very powerful opportunities for teaching and learning with

Simples experiencias con la naturaleza pueden ser muy poderosas oportunidades para enseñar y aprender

Reflect on This Do children have daily opportunities for outdoor play? ¿Los niños deben

Special Needs Considerations Inclusion is about belonging, being valued, and having choices La inclusión

Special Needs Considerations Individualizado plan de servicios familiares (IFSP) para niños desde el nacimiento

Inclusive Environment Reflect and be sensitive to cultural and linguistic diversity Be a teammate

Inclusive Environment Crear un entorno de desarrollo apropiado de la primera infancia Adaptations, modifications,

Criteria for Selection of Equipment & Materials Equipment should be: Developmentally Apropiadas Non-toxic, appropriate

Criteria for Selection of Equipment & Materials Easy to maintain, and not easily broken

Outdoor Materials and Equipment Play structures are lower and wider for toddlers who need

Outdoor Materials and Equipment The design should Offer novelty, variety and challenge Oferta Allow

Suggested Outdoor Equipment Permanent climbers for older children to rearrange Tricycles, wagons, and wheeled

Suggested Outdoor Equipment Estructura permanente Desarmar los trepadores para niños mayores a reorganizar Barriles

Nature Deficit Scientific evidence indicates that direct exposure to nature is essential for physical

Nature Deficit La evidencia científica indica que la exposición directa a la naturaleza es

Setting Limits for Use of the Environment Set clear, consistent, and fair limits for

Setting Limits for Use of the Environment Help older children set their own limits

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance Understand child development Entender el desarollo de ninos

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance Appropriate behavior usually occurs when children feel they

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) Three simple guidelines for helping children learn

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) 2. Behavior must not present a clear

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) Appropriate verbal guidance and guidance techniques Dirección

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) Para el bullying inmediatamente Consistency in both

Support Self Regulation Help the individual child identify what he or she is feeling

Support Self Regulation Try to explain a child’s behavior to another child Tratar de

Transitions Children need time to adjust to change Los niños necesitan tiempo para adaptarse

Transitions An active to a quiet activity or from quiet to active play Un

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Indoor Environment Should welcome everyone in Should be an aesthetic experience Debe ser una experiencia estética Personal space or cubby for each child with his or her name or photo Deberían darle la bienvenida a todos Espacio personal o casillero para cada niño con su nombre o foto Organized learning centers Centros de aprendizaje organizados © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Indoor Environment Hands-on/support child-choice Accommodate small and large groups Arreglos y centros sugeridos Design and equipment are age-related Capacidad para grupos grandes y pequeños Suggested centers and arrangements Manos-on/soporte infantil-elección Diseño y equipamiento están relacionadas con la edad Adaptations for children with special needs Adaptaciones para niños con necesidades especiales © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Homelike Classroom Filled with images of children, families, and teachers Lleno de imágenes de niños, familias y maestros Includes living things such as plants and pets Incluye los seres vivos como plantas y animales domésticos Contains softness Contiene suavidad © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Homelike Classroom Provides richness of texture and color without being overwhelming Proporciona riqueza de textura y color sin ser abrumadora Contains beauty Contiene belleza Reflects the values and culture of the children, families, and teachers Refleja los valores y cultura de los niños, familias y maestros Reflects the surrounding community Refleja la comunidad circundante © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Learning Centers Also called interest centers, zones, clusters, or activity centers, where materials and supplies are combined around special groupings and common activities También llamados centros de interés, zonas, grupos o centros de actividad, donde se combinan materiales y suministros alrededor de grupos especiales y actividades comunes © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Learning Centers Focus on one curriculum area like puzzles and manipulatives Se centran en el área de un currículo como rompecabezas y manipulativos Support children’s learning and enable them to explore, experiment, and interact with the environment at their own rate of development Apoyar el aprendizaje de los niños y permitirles explorar y experimentar, interactuar con el entorno a su propio ritmo de desarrollo © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

More on Learning Centers Planned for child initiated hands-on experiences with a variety of materials Previsto para niño inició experiencias prácticas con una variedad de materiales Materials and supplies have a direct correlation to a particular objective, theme, lesson plan, or concept being introduced Materiales y suministros tienen una correlación directa con un objetivo particular, tema, lección o concepto introduciendo © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

More on Learning Centers Well-planned, continuous introduction and rotation of new materials stimulates interest Rotación de nuevos materiales y bien planificada, continua introducción estimula interés © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

More on Learning Centers Learning centers make possible individual and small group instruction while providing an opportunity for the children to make choices Centros de aprendizaje hacen instrucción posible individuales y pequeños grupos mientras que proporciona una oportunidad para que los niños a tomar decisiones © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

More on Learning Centers Clearly arranged spaces assist children in setting their own pace and making choices that will help them to be more selfdirected and improve their self-control Arreglado claramente espacios ayudar a los niños a establecer su propio ritmo y tomar decisiones que les ayudará a ser más auto dirigido y mejorar su autocontrol © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Common Early Childhood Learning Centers Books, language, listening, and writing center Dramatic play, home living area, or puppet center Art center Sensory activities with water, sand, and mud play Blocks, woodworking © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Music and movement Science, discovery, cooking, and nature Math and manipulatives Social studies or multicultural Computers or technology center

Common Early Childhood Learning Centers Libros, idioma, escuchando y centro de escritura Juego dramático, salón hogar o centro del títere Centro de arte Actividades sensoriales con agua, arena y fango juego Bloques, madera © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Música y movimiento Ciencia, descubrimiento, cocinar y naturaleza Matemáticas y manipulativos Estudios sociales o multicultural Equipos o centro tecnológico

Four Room Zones The zones in a room: active, quiet, wet, dry Las zonas en una habitación: activa, tranquila, húmedo y seco Combining these qualities can be an effective way to arrange learning centers La combinación de estas cualidades puede ser una manera eficaz de organizar centros de aprendizaje © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Four Room Zones Think of the activities that take place in each center. Where would it fit best? Piensa en las actividades que se realizan en cada centro. ¿Dónde encajaría mejor? Placement of the centers is important for balancing the number of noisy and quiet activities Colocación de los centros es importante para equilibrar el número de actividades ruidosas y tranquilos © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Infants & Toddlers May not have as many centers as older children No puede tener tantos centros como los niños mayores Same zones can be used to arrange their space Mismas zonas pueden utilizarse para organizar su espacio Need space where they can play alone or be onlookers as others play Necesita espacio donde pueden jugar solos o ser curiosos como otros del juego © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Infants & Toddlers Spaces for infants also have the same zones, but the materials included will be different Espacios para los niños también tienen las mismas zonas, pero los materiales incluidos será diferentes © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Infants & Toddlers Infants Wet area would include diapering and feeding Zona Dry húmeda incluiría pañales y alimentación area would have play materials on low shelves Área seca tendría reproducir materiales en estantes bajos Quiet area would be rocking and sleeping Zona tranquila sería oscilante y durmiendo Active area would be for crawling, climbing and active play Área activa sería para el juego activo y rastreros, escalada © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Learning Centers for Primary Grades Engage students in learning by applying skills and concepts introduced during direct instruction Involucrar a los estudiantes en el aprendizaje mediante la aplicación de habilidades y conceptos introducidos durante la instrucción directa Promote development of the whole child Promover el desarrollo del niño Integrate multiple subject matters so that learning happens in a meaningful context © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Learning Centers for Primary Grades Integrar varios temas para que el aprendizaje ocurre en un contexto significativo Assess student understanding and knowledge through observation and authentic assessment practices Evaluar estudiante comprensión y conocimiento a través de la observación y prácticas de evaluación auténtica Foster a love of learning Fomentar un amor por el aprendizaje © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Outdoor Environment Invites you to “come on out” Curriculum for the outdoors parallels what teachers do indoors Plan de estudios para el aire libre paralela a lo que los maestros hacen en interiores Plans for emerging developmental interests and skills Te invita a “salir" Planes emergentes del desarrollo intereses y habilidades Sets reasonable and appropriate rules that are consistently enforced Establece reglas razonables y apropiadas que se aplican constantemente © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Outdoor Environment Safety is the first priority La seguridad es la prioridad Essential part of the overall primary grade curriculum Parte esencial del plan de estudios grado general primaria Enhances all areas of children’s development Mejora todas las áreas de desarrollo de los niños © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Outdoor Environment Disappearance of recess El recreo esta desapareciendo Effect of confinement to small spaces Efecto de confinamiento para espacios pequeños © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Simple experiences with nature can be very powerful opportunities for teaching and learning with very young children. Observing and talking about the many sensory aspects of nature—the sounds and smells of wind and rain, changing colors of the seasons, the tastes of fruits, vegetables, and herbs—inspire interest and appreciation of the beauty of nature. (Torquati and Barber, 2005, p. 40). © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Simples experiencias con la naturaleza pueden ser muy poderosas oportunidades para enseñar y aprender con los niños muy pequeños. Observando y hablando de los aspectos sensoriales de la naturaleza — los sonidos y los olores del viento y la lluvia, cambiando colores de las estaciones, los sabores de frutas, verduras y hierbas — inspirar interés y apreciación de la belleza de la naturaleza. (Torquati and Barber, 2005, p. 40). © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Reflect on This Do children have daily opportunities for outdoor play? ¿Los niños deben tener oportunidades diarias para jugar al aire libre? Do they also need gross motor play opportunities indoors? ¿También ellos necesitan bruto oportunidades de juego motor en interiores? © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Special Needs Considerations Inclusion is about belonging, being valued, and having choices La inclusión es acerca de pertenencia, se valoren y tener opciones Public Law 94– 142 Least restrictive environment Ambiente menos restringido Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Individuos con Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Individualized family services plan (IFSP) for children from birth through age three © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Special Needs Considerations Individualizado plan de servicios familiares (IFSP) para niños desde el nacimiento hasta los tres años Eligibility, assessment, development, implementation/monitoring, and support Elegibilidad, evaluación, desarrollo, implementación y monitoreo y soporte Individualized education plan (IEP) for children older than three Plan de educación individualizado (IEP) para niños mayores de tres © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Inclusive Environment Reflect and be sensitive to cultural and linguistic diversity Be a teammate with families Reflejar y ser sensibles a la diversidad cultural y lingüística Ser un compañero de equipo con las familias Create a developmentally appropriate early childhood environment © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Inclusive Environment Crear un entorno de desarrollo apropiado de la primera infancia Adaptations, modifications, and equipment reflect needs of each and every child Adaptaciones, modificaciones y equipo reflejan las necesidades de cada niño © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Criteria for Selection of Equipment & Materials Equipment should be: Developmentally Apropiadas Non-toxic, appropriate for children para los niños safe, durable, aesthetic, sensory No tóxico, seguro, durable, estética, sensorial Aesthetically appealing, sturdy with rounded corners and edges Estéticamente atractivo, resistente con esquinas redondeadas y bordes © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Criteria for Selection of Equipment & Materials Easy to maintain, and not easily broken Fácil de mantener y no se rompen fácilmente Have adequate number, wide-appeal, multicultural and anti-bias considerations Tienen un número adecuado, toda apelación, consideraciones multiculturales y anti-bias Enough equipment to offer opportunities for gross motor development Suficiente equipo para ofrecer oportunidades para el desarrollo motor © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. grueso

Outdoor Materials and Equipment Play structures are lower and wider for toddlers who need time to climb up or down Estructuras de juego son más bajos y más amplio para los niños pequeños que necesitan tiempo para escalar hacia arriba o hacia abajo Selection emphasizes safety, durability, and age appropriateness for all children Selección hace hincapié en seguridad, durabilidad y la edad apropiada para todos los niños © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Outdoor Materials and Equipment The design should Offer novelty, variety and challenge Oferta Allow novedad, variedad y desafío a wide range of movement Permite Stimulate the senses Estimula Be una amplia gama de movimiento los sentidos safe and comfortable Ser seguro y cómodo © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Suggested Outdoor Equipment Permanent climbers for older children to rearrange Tricycles, wagons, and wheeled toys Plastic hoops Sturdy wooden crates and barrels Balls of various sizes Mounted steering wheel Take-apart Tire swings with holes Equipment and for drainage materials that Slides eliminate head entrapment points Balance beam © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Suggested Outdoor Equipment Estructura permanente Desarmar los trepadores para niños mayores a reorganizar Barriles y cajones de madera sólidos Cambios de neumáticos con agujeros para drenaje. Slides Balance beam © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Triciclos, carros y juguetes con ruedas Aros de plástico Bolas de varios tamaños Volante montado Equipos y materiales que eliminan puntos de la cabeza quede atrapada

Nature Deficit Scientific evidence indicates that direct exposure to nature is essential for physical and emotional health. For example, new studies suggest that exposure to nature may reduce the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that it can improve all children’s cognitive abilities and resistance to negative stresses and depression. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Nature Deficit La evidencia científica indica que la exposición directa a la naturaleza es esencial para la salud física y emocional. Por ejemplo, nuevos estudios sugieren que la exposición a la naturaleza puede reducir los síntomas del trastorno de hiperactividad de déficit de atención (THDA) y que se pueden mejorar a todos los niños cognitiva habilidades y resistencia al estrés negativos y depresión. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Setting Limits for Use of the Environment Set clear, consistent, and fair limits for classroom and playground behavior Claro, establecer límites coherentes y justos para el aula y patio de comportamiento Guide younger children toward appropriate ways to relate to others and to function in a group environment Guía de los niños más pequeños hacia las formas adecuadas para relacionar a los demás y para funcionar en un entorno de grupo © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Setting Limits for Use of the Environment Help older children set their own limits Ayudar a los niños mayores a establecer sus propios límites Setting limits means security for young children Establecer límites significa seguridad para los niños Remind children of the rules and listen when they express their feelings and frustrations Recordar a los niños de las reglas y escucha cuando expresan sus sentimientos y frustraciones © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance Understand child development Entender el desarollo de ninos Arrangement of indoor and outdoor space Arreglo del espacio interior y exterior Planning for each individual child and group of children Planificación para cada niño individual y de grupo de niños Understanding children’s prior experiences and development Comprensión desarrollo © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. infantil experiencias anteriores y

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance Appropriate behavior usually occurs when children feel they belong and their needs are met Comportamiento apropiado generalmente ocurre cuando los niños sienten que pertenecen y sus necesidades © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) Three simple guidelines for helping children learn what is acceptable behavior Tres sencillas directrices para ayudar a los niños aprenderán lo que es un comportamiento aceptable 1. Behavior must not infringe on the rights of others 1. Comportamiento no debe infringir los derechos de los demás © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) 2. Behavior must not present a clear risk of harm to oneself or others 2. 3. Comportamiento no debe presentar un claro riesgo de daño a sí mismo o a otros Behavior must not unreasonably damage the environment, animals, objects, or materials in the environment 3. Comportamiento injustificado no debe dañar el medio ambiente, animales, objetos o materiales en el medio ambiente © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) Appropriate verbal guidance and guidance techniques Dirección verbal apropiada y técnicas de orientación Focus on developing responsibility and independence Centrarse en el desarrollo de la responsabilidad y la independencia Address the behavior, not the child Dirección Stop del comportamiento, no al niño bullying immediately © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Managing the Environment with Appropriate Guidance (continued) Para el bullying inmediatamente Consistency in both expectations and applications of rules Consistencia en la aplicación de las normas y expectativas Communicate Comunicate Model with families con las familias expected behavior and self-control Modelo el autocontrol y el comportamiento esperado © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Support Self Regulation Help the individual child identify what he or she is feeling Ayudar al niño individual a identificar lo que él o ella siente Place a limit on his or her behavior Poner un límite en su comportamiento Give the child an appropriate outlet for that feeling Darle al niño un tomacorriente apropiado para esa sensación © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Support Self Regulation Try to explain a child’s behavior to another child Tratar de explicar el comportamiento de un niño a otro niño Tell children what you expect them to do in a positive manner Dile a los niños qué esperas que lo hagan de una manera positiva © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Transitions Children need time to adjust to change Los niños necesitan tiempo para adaptarse para cambiar As a teacher, you should use a transition activity to direct children from: Como profesor, usted debe utilizar una actividad de transición para dirigir a los niños de: A self-initiated to a teacher-directed activity A Self-iniciada una actividad dirigidas por el maestro © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Transitions An active to a quiet activity or from quiet to active play Un activo a una actividad tranquila o de tranquilidad para jugar activamente Clean up and toileting to snack time Limpiar para arriba e ir al baño a la hora de la merienda Lunch De to naptime lonche a la siesta Outside to inside or inside to outside play Exterior al interior o dentro para jugar afuera © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.