CHAPTER 4 The Horticulture Industry CHAPTER OUTCOMES Describe

CHAPTER 4 The Horticulture Industry

CHAPTER OUTCOMES • Describe the plant sciences: botany, agronomy, horticulture, and forestry • Compare and contrast edible and ornamental horticulture • Understand organic and sustainable production of crops Lorenzo. T/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

CHAPTER OUTCOMES • Discover sources for locally grown food • Describe the green industry • Discuss the outlook for horticulture careers and list horticultural organizations Gyuszko-Photo/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

PLANT SCIENCE Botany Agronomy Forestry Horticulture Jubal Harshaw/Shutterstock. com; stoonn/Shutterstock. com; Krizek Vaclav/Shutterstock. com; hans engbers/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

BOTANY • Plant biology • Career: botanist • May work in private or public sector • Fields include education, research, commercial growing Chandres Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

AGRONOMY • • Cultivate crops Food, fiber, fuel Career: agronomist Specialties – Biotechnology – Soil science – Plant breeding – Weed science irisphoto 1/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

FORESTRY • Plant, manage, restore, care forests • Also referred to as silviculture • Career: forester • Forest stands • Tree plots Eriks Z/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

EDIBLE HORTICULTURE • Edible horticulture – Olericulture – Pomology – Viticulture ugorya 17/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE • Ornamental horticulture – Floriculture – Nursery and landscape – Interiorscaping – Turfgrass management Marcin Balcerzak/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

OLERICULTURE • Herbs – Roots, stems, leaves – Flavorings, foods, perfumes, medicines hatreec/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

OLERICULTURE • Vegetables – Roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or fruit – All fruits are vegetables, but not all vegetables are fruits ©i. Stock. com/hydrangea 100 Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

OLERICULTURE • Vegetable growers – Work outdoors – Conditions vary – Lead teams – Good communicators – Plant management – Critical thinking – Problem solving hjschneider/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

POMOLOGY • Cultivate, process, store, and market • Career: pomologist • Fruits • Nuts • Trees • Brambles oloei/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

POMOLOGY Franck Boston/Shutterstock. com • Growing practices – High-density orchards – Increased yields – Earlier harvests – Quality fruit • Growers – Physically fit – Manage crops – Lead workers Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

VITICULTURE • • Also called viniculture Career: viticulturist Career: enologist Cultivate grapes Prune vines Fertilize soils Manage pests mythja/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

VITICULTURE • Grape cultivation – 7 million tons in the United States – 90% from CA – Other states: MI, NY, VA, PA, and AR Anton Foltin/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

VITICULTURISTS • • • College degree Work outdoors Lead teams Critical thinking Problem solving Gyuszko-Photo/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

FLORICULTURE Be Good/Shutterstock. com • Ornamental horticulture • Careers – Buyer – Grower – Floral designer – Florist – Interiorscape designer – Product developer – Wholesaler – Broker – Greenhouse owner Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

FLORICULTURE • • Bedding plants Houseplants Potted plants Container plants Cut flowers Foliage Seasonal and holiday demand Iskography/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

NURSERY &LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY • Nursery Growers – Outdoor settings – Greenhouses or shade houses – Propagation – Cultivation – Market preparation – Manages workers – Lifting and moving – Recordkeeping Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

NURSERY &LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY • Nursery – Grown in fields, greenhouses, or shadehouses – Trees – Shrubs – Ground cover – Vines – Perennials Rigucci/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

NURSERY & LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY Balled-and. Bare root (BR) burlapped (B&B) Pot-in-pot (PNP) serato/Shutterstock. com; Swellphotography/Shutterstock. com; USDA Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

NURSERY & LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY • Landscaping careers – Landscape architect/designer – Landscape manager – Irrigation technician – Hardscape contractor – Water feature designer – Snow removal contractor – Landscape lighting contractor Joe Dejvice/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

INTERIORSCAPING Yuko Frazier/Ambius • Career: interiorscaper • Interiorscaping – Indoor landscapes – Homes – Businesses – Classrooms – Hospitals What are the benefits of interiorscapes? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

TURFGRASS INDUSTRY • Lawn grasses – Homes – Commercial sites – Athletic fields – Golf courses • Sod farms fotocraft/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

TURFGRASS INDUSTRY cappi thompson/Shutterstock. com • Athletic fields – Heavy traffic – Quick recovery • Golf courses – Insect resistance – Disease resistance – Salinity tolerance – Heat/foot/cart traffic tolerance – Intense maintenance Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

TURFGRASS INDUSTRY • Sod growers – Grow turfgrass – Use heavy machinery – Understand cultivation – Harvest turfgrasses – Lift weights ≥ 50 lb – College degree in turfgrass Ingrid Balabanova/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

COMBINING EDIBLE AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS • Edible plants – Mixed containers – Planting beds – Landscape borders – With flowers and ornamental grasses Nancy Bauer/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

ORGANIC EDIBLES • • Biological pest control vs. chemical No genetic modifications Did You Know? The United States USDA certification Department of Agriculture (USDA) says that the organic No chemical food additives label does not guarantee No industrial solvents greater safety, health, quality, or nutritional value No irradiation for organic foods. The label only ensures that the food 10%-40% higher cost was grown organically according to USDA standards. More labor intensive Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE • Pest management – Integrated pest Frederico Rostagno/Shutterstock. com management (IPM) • Soil nutrition and conservation – Crop rotation – Cover crops – No-till farming Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

EATING LOCAL • Harvesting • Locavores • Farmer’s markets Arina P Habich/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

COMMUNITY SUPPORTED AGRICULTURE (CSA) • • • Farmer sells “shares” Beneficial to farmer Beneficial to consumer Risk to consumer Crop insurance for farmer Daxiao Productions/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

PLANTS IN THE GREEN INDUSTRY • Biological and environmental impact – Food source – Add nutrients to soil – Control erosion – Oxygen – Sequester carbon – Shade – Evapotranspiration Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

THE GREEN INDUSTRY • Aesthetic impacts – Green spaces • Mental health – Improve fatigue and help focus – Develop emotional, cognitive, and behavioral connections in children – Encourage creativity and intellectual development tommaso 79/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

THE GREEN INDUSTRY • Economic impact – Billions of dollars contributed through annual revenue to the US economy – More than one million employees throughout the United States – Fastest growing segment of the national agriculture economy Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

FUTURE OF THE GREEN INDUSTRY • Ecofriendly and sustainable landscaping – Water-wise plants – Edibles in landscaping – Rainwater harvest – Sustainable landscapes – Integrated pest management – Organic – Technology – Green spaces Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

HORTICULTURE ORGANIZATIONS American Horticulture Society American Society of Horticulture Science International Society of Horticulture Science National Association of Landscape Professionals (NALP) • American. Hort • • Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

GREEN INDUSTRY CAREERS • Arborists • Compost, soil, and media producers • Landscape and garden suppliers • Landscape architects/designers • Landscape equipment suppliers • Landscape managers • Lawn and garden departments • Lawn care services • Masons • Public gardens • Sod growers • Urban foresters • Wholesale and retail nurseries Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.