Chapter 4 Socialization Key Terms l Socialization The

Chapter 4, Socialization Key Terms

l Socialization The process through which people learn the expectations of society. l Roles Expected behavior associated with a given status in society.

l Social control The process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expressions. l Self-esteem The value a person places on his or her identity.

l Psychoanalytic theory Freud's theory that development of social identity (ego) is an unconscious process, developed from tensions between impulses (id) and the standards of society (superego). l Object relations theory Maintains that the social relationships experienced by children determine the development of the adult personality.

l Social learning theory Identity is formed in a societal context as the result of modeling oneself in response to the expectations of others. l Symbolic interaction theory People learn identities and values through the socialization process as they learn the social meanings that different behaviors imply.

l Self Our concept of who we are, formed in relationship to others. l Looking glass self Explains how a person’s conception of self arises through reflection about one’s relationship with others.

l Roles Sets of expectations that govern a person’s relationships with people and society. l Significant others Those with whom one has a close affiliation.

l Generalized other The abstract composite of social roles and social expectations. l Socialization agents Those who pass on social expectations.

l Peers Those with whom you interact on equal terms. l Life course Connects people's personal attributes, the roles they occupy and life events to the social and historical context.

l Adult socialization The process of learning new roles and expectations in adult life. l Anticipatory socialization The learning of expectations associated with a role one expects to enter in the future.

l Rites of passage A ceremony or ritual that marks the passage of an individual from one role to another. l Resocialization The process by which existing social roles are radically altered or replaced.