Chapter 4 Operating Your Vessel Safely 1 Copyright

Operating Your Vessel…Safely • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 Loading

Load Gear & Passengers Properly Accidents can happen when boarding and loading your boat

Load Gear & Passengers Properly 4 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Safe Loading • 1 Keep centered in small boats • 2 “One hand for

How Boats Handle 1 Displacement mode - The boat is fully settled in the

How Boats Handle 2 Plowing Mode - We’ve added power, the bow rises -

How Planing Boats Handle 3 Planing Mode - The boat is riding on top

Power Trim • 1 Standard on most outboards and I/O - Adjusts the angle

Power Trim Inboard Boats and larger boats will often use “Trim Tabs” to adjust

Maneuvering • 1 Turning • Slow, controlled speed • 2 Backing • Slowly, stern

Running Before Waves • 1 Requires: • Throttle modulation steering control 12 Copyright 2005

Running Parallel To Waves • 1 Can cause broaching • 2 Cross wakes with

ENTERING INLETS • Before entering an inlet make sure the channel is marked. •

ENTERING INLETS The boat should be riding on the back of wave, but the

ENTERING INLETS Crashing over the wave causes the boat to come to a stop

ENTERING INLETS The wave rolls the boat over on its side. The captain still

ENTERING INLETS The boat rolled 90 degrees on its side, but does not roll

ENTERING INLETS As the wave passes under the boat, the boat snaps upright with

Crossing a Wave • Note the same type of accident as in the video

COURTESY ON THE WATER • Wake is part of your boat • You are

COURTESY ON THE WATER • Slow to idle speed when in close proximity to

COURTESY ON THE WATER Discuss: You are on plane in a fairly narrow channel

HOW YOUR BOAT STEERS • NEED TO KNOW TERMS • PORT • STARBOARD •

HOW YOUR BOAT STEERS • BOATS WITH A WHEEL • CONNECTED BY CABLES OR

HOW YOUR BOAT STEERS • TILLER TURNS RUDDER OR OUTBOARD • BOAT MOVES IN

DOCKING 27 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

DOCKING • Determine direction of wind & current • Deploy fenders • Ready lines

No Wind Or Current DOCKING 29 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Wind Or Current Off Docking with a spring line 30 Copyright 2005 - Coast

Docking With A Spring Line Using a Spring Line to assist with docking when

Helping Others Dock The Wrong Way You will never win a tug of war

Cast Off Wind Off The Dock 33 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association,

Casting Off Wind On Dock Use bow spring to move stern into wind or

Cast Off Wind and Current On The Dock Here is how that works 35

Tying To Floats And Piers 1 bow line 4 2 spring lines stern line

Chafing Gear Prevents Line Wear • Can be cloth, rubber, leather, or plastic 2

ANCHORS • Select size for boat • Select type for seabed • Anchor design

Anchor Types Lightweight (Danforth Type) Plow Single Fluke Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary

Anchor Types 1 Grapnel 2 Mushroom 40 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association,

Anchoring Guidelines Know Your Scope • 7: 1 Depth to Line Ratio • How

ANCHORING GUIDELINES • Use anchor to prevent drifting • Never anchor from the stern

• Allow “swing” room for wind & or current wind Setting Anchor d

Setting Anchor • 1 What are the steps? 1. Place rode on deck. 2.

Retrieving Anchor • 1 What are the steps? 1. Pull in rode while moving

Operating Personal Watercraft • 1 How are PWCs different from powered boats? Steering and

Operating Personal Watercraft • 1 What courtesies should PWC operators show? 47 Copyright 2005

Do Not Jump Wakes 48 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Operating Personal Watercraft • 1 What are some environmental concerns? Noise Fuel Leakage from

Other PWC Considerations • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 Observe state laws

Capsized PWC • 1 Know how to right the PWC properly • 2 Read

Capsized PWC • 1 Decals on stern show direction of rotation 52 Copyright 2005

Safety Lanyards • 1 Attached to operator or PFD 53 Copyright 2005 - Coast

Safety Lanyards 1 54 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

MANATEES • • ENDANGERED SPECIES FLORIDA MANTAEE SANCTUARY ACT • ESTABLISHED MANATEE PROTECTION BOAT

MANATEES • TO REPORT MANATEE DEATHS, INJURIES, OR ORPHANED CALVES CALL THE FLORIDA FISH

Chapter 4 Review 57 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • Under normal conditions, the recommended scope of an anchor line should

Review Exercises • A spring line is a dock line that: 2 a •

Review Exercises 3 • The correct anchor for your boat will depend not only

Review Exercises 4 • You can ease the shock on both boat and crew

Review Exercises 5 • Never anchor a boat from the stern alone because: a

Review Exercises • 6 When docking and undocking your boat it is desirable to

Review Exercises 7 • Which of the following statements is true? a • PWCs

Review Exercises • 8 Because of their different operating characteristics, some states consider PWCs

Review Exercises • 9 Steering a PWC involves turning a movable nozzle that directs

Review Exercises • A PWC lanyard cut-off switch when fastened to your wrist will:

Review Exercises • 11 Because the Coast Guard recognizes personal watercraft as full fledged

Review Exercises • 12 Constantly watch the wake of your boat, because: a •

End Chapter 4 70 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

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Operating Your Vessel…Safely • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 Loading gear and passengers Boat Handling Courtesy on the water Casting off – docking – anchoring PWC specific safety 2 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Safe Loading • 1 Keep centered in small boats • 2 “One hand for you, one hand for the boat” • 4 Load gear from the dock • 5 Trim: engine and gear • 6 Never overload 5 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

How Boats Handle 2 Plowing Mode - We’ve added power, the bow rises - The boat throws a significantly larger wake - Visibility could be temporarily compromised - Be especially mindful in marinas and around other boats Boat Speed 7 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Power Trim • 1 Standard on most outboards and I/O - Adjusts the angle of the drive unit The drive is trimmed in during acceleration to get you fast onto the plane and then gradually trimmed out at higher engine rpm. You get better visibility and a comfortable ride. 9 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Maneuvering • 1 Turning • Slow, controlled speed • 2 Backing • Slowly, stern may veer • 3 Stopping • Requires distance • Slowly! • Avoid stern wave 11 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

ENTERING INLETS • Before entering an inlet make sure the channel is marked. • Approach inlets with breaking waves with extreme caution. • Avoid entering an • unfamiliar inlet at night. The Following Slideshow Documents an actual broaching accident and fatality of an experienced Charter Captain when he misjudges the size of the wave he is attempting to cross 14 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

ENTERING INLETS The boat should be riding on the back of wave, but the captain misjudges his speed causing the boat to overtake the wave and fall over the edge 15 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

ENTERING INLETS As the wave passes under the boat, the boat snaps upright with a force strong enough to cause the captain to lose his grip which threw him overboard 19 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Crossing a Wave • Note the same type of accident as in the video can happen when a smaller vessel overtakes a larger vessel • Cross a wave at a 45 degree angle • Take extreme caution when passing large vessels 20 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

COURTESY ON THE WATER • Wake is part of your boat • You are responsible for damage or injuries caused by it. • Observe posted signs and marks • Maintain safe distance & speed 21 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

COURTESY ON THE WATER Discuss: You are on plane in a fairly narrow channel (Green Cove Springs markers 18 & 19 are barely 100 yards between the markers. This is not a slow speed zone) You see this gentleman fishing just a few yards off the channel marker on the right. What can you do? What could happen if you do nothing? Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 23

Docking With A Spring Line Using a Spring Line to assist with docking when wind and current make docking difficult With the Spring line looped over a cleat or piling, you now have significant control over the wind or current. Simply drive the boat ahead or astern and the boat will line itself Up with the dock 31 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Helping Others Dock The Wrong Way You will never win a tug of war with a Boat weighing several thousand pounds The Right Way Simply loop the line around the base of the cleat and pull up at a 90 degree angle. Then allow the boat captain to finish maneuvering the boat to the dock Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. 32

Setting Anchor • 1 What are the steps? 1. Place rode on deck. 2. Lower anchor to bottom. 3. Slowly back away. 4. Stop when req’d. length is deployed. 44 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Retrieving Anchor • 1 What are the steps? 1. Pull in rode while moving up with power. 2. Crew on bow points To anchor for helmsman 3. Stop over anchor 4. Pull up anchor. 45 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Operating Personal Watercraft • 1 How are PWCs different from powered boats? Steering and stopping: • PWC steered by water being forced through steering nozzle at back of unit • Remember you must always have power in order to maintain steering control • Always allow plenty of room for stopping 46 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Operating Personal Watercraft • 1 What are some environmental concerns? Noise Fuel Leakage from tipping over Damage to Seagrass In shallow areas Wake Damage especially when going Slow. (PWCs typically make a larger wake just above idle speed) 49 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Other PWC Considerations • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 Observe state laws Always wear your PFD Inspect your watercraft frequently Keep hands and feet away from pump intake and discharge • 5 Do not exceed capacity ratings • 6 Know your limits • 7 Ride according to your ability 50 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

MANATEES • • ENDANGERED SPECIES FLORIDA MANTAEE SANCTUARY ACT • ESTABLISHED MANATEE PROTECTION BOAT SPEED ZONES • VESSEL EXCLUSION AREA • IDLE SPEED • SLOW SPEED • DO NOT HARASS, DISTURB, COLLIDE WITH, INJURE OR HARM MANATEES • UP TO $50, 000 FINE AND OR 1 YEAR IN JAIL 55 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

MANATEES • TO REPORT MANATEE DEATHS, INJURIES, OR ORPHANED CALVES CALL THE FLORIDA FISH & WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION 1 -888 -404 -3922 • THIS DISTANCE IS NOW 7001000 FEET FROM SHORE AS YOU MOVE FROM DOWNTOWN AREA TO SOUTH OF JULINGTON CREEK • A Manatee coming up for a breath of air. Notice the ripples on the surface. 56 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • Under normal conditions, the recommended scope of an anchor line should be approximately: 1 a • 25: 1 b • 15: 1 c • 7: 1 d • 2: 1 58 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • A spring line is a dock line that: 2 a • has an inner core of stretchy elastic material. b • keeps a boat from moving ahead or astern. c • is only used in March, April, and May. d • holds the boat directly to the pier at amidships. 59 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises 3 • The correct anchor for your boat will depend not only on the size and type of your boat but on the: a • cost (always purchase the cheapest anchor available). • size and length of your anchor rode. b • types of seabed and amount of wind and current you c expect to encounter. • location (bow or stern) from which you anchor. d 60 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises 4 • You can ease the shock on both boat and crew when running into waves by slowing down and: a • taking the waves at an angle to the bow, not head-on. b • turning the boat broadside to the waves for stability. c • taking the waves head-on and not at an angle. d • instructing all passengers to stand up in the boat. 61 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises 5 • Never anchor a boat from the stern alone because: a • waves may come over the transom and swamp the boat. b • the bow should always be pointing away from the wind. c • it is difficult to adjust the rode for proper scope. d • it is difficult to bring persons over the bow in an emergency. 62 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • 6 When docking and undocking your boat it is desirable to plan the procedure in advance and: a • always operate your boat at cruising speed. b • give instructions in a loud authoritative tone so that crew will know who is in charge. c • approach slowly against the wind or current for more control of your boat. d • teach the crew how to keep the boat away from the pier using their arms and legs. 63 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises 7 • Which of the following statements is true? a • PWCs do not disturb the ecology of the water bottom. b • Wake from PWCs will not contribute to shoreline erosion. c • Noise from PWCs never disturbs bird life. d • As when operating any boat, having consideration for others is most important when operation a PWC. 64 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • 8 Because of their different operating characteristics, some states consider PWCs to be a special type of boat and have special regulations for them. As a PWC owner or operator you must: a • carry a copy of the rules of the special PWC Rules Commission on board. b • know the special Navigation Rules that apply only to PWCs. c • follow the rules established by the National Boating Association. d • be aware of and abide by all laws governing the use of personal watercraft in your area. 65 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • 9 Steering a PWC involves turning a movable nozzle that directs a high pressure stream of water either right or left, turning the boat to one side or the other. It is important to know that a PWC will turn only when the: a • engine is turning at least 4000 rpm. b • jet pump is operating and pushing a stream of water. c • two rudders are in contact with the water. d • special steering pump is activated. 66 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • A PWC lanyard cut-off switch when fastened to your wrist will: 10 a • keep your signal whistle where it can be found. • alert you when you are running too fast. b • stop the engine when you fall off. c • remind you to always wear you life preserver. d 67 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • 11 Because the Coast Guard recognizes personal watercraft as full fledged boats: a • operators must adhere to the same rules and regulations as large boats b • a PWC must show its navigation lights when used after dark. c • PWCs usually have priority of movement in meeting and crossing situations. d • PWCs are exempt from all boating rules and regulations. 68 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Review Exercises • 12 Constantly watch the wake of your boat, because: a • it can disturb the smooth operation of personal watercraft. b • your wake must never be more than three inches high. • you are responsible for injuries or damage to property c caused by the wake of your boat. • you may see beautiful colors created by the oxidation d of phosphorus in the water. 69 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.