Chapter 4 Notes Cell Reproduction 1 Mitosis clip

1. Mitosis clip Mitosis – when the nucleus of a cell divides to form

Chromosome – Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA. Centromere – holds chromosomes together.

5 Phases in Mitosis 1. Interphase – nucleus can be seen, chromosomes duplicating themselves.

2. Prophase – chromosome pairs are visible, centrioles move to opposite ends.

3. Metaphase – chromosome pairs line up across center and attach to spindle fibers.

4. Anaphase – strands of chromosomes pulled apart and move to opposite ends of

5. Telophase – The cytoplasm of both cells begins to separate. 1. Mitosis clip

Diploid – cell that has 46 chromosomes (body cells) Haploid – cell that has

Meiosis clip Meiosis – When the nucleus divides to make sex cells.

4 Phases in Meiosis I 1. Prophase I 2. Metaphase I 3. Anaphase I

4 Phases in Meiosis II 1. Prophase II 2. Metaphase II 3. Anaphase II

Asexual Reproduction – new organisms are produced by one parent. Video asexual reproduction

3 Kinds of Asexual Reproduction 1. Fission – division of organism into 2 equal

2. Budding – new organism grows from the parent. Hydra Budding

Video : 23 3. Regeneration- making new body parts. Starfish

Video stop at 2: 37 • Rosalind Franklin was the first person to discover

How DNA Copies Itself Step 1: enzyme breaks the nitrogen bases. 2 strands separate

Brain Pop: DNA Mutation – any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a

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Chapter 4 Notes Cell Reproduction

1. Mitosis clip Mitosis – when the nucleus of a cell divides to form 2 identical cells.

Chromosome – Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA. Centromere – holds chromosomes together.

5 Phases in Mitosis 1. Interphase – nucleus can be seen, chromosomes duplicating themselves.

2. Prophase – chromosome pairs are visible, centrioles move to opposite ends.

3. Metaphase – chromosome pairs line up across center and attach to spindle fibers.

4. Anaphase – strands of chromosomes pulled apart and move to opposite ends of each other.

5. Telophase – The cytoplasm of both cells begins to separate. 1. Mitosis clip

Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis

Diploid – cell that has 46 chromosomes (body cells) Haploid – cell that has 23 chromosomes (sex cells) Zygote – when egg and sperm combine (start of life) Zygote Development Stages of embryo

Meiosis clip Meiosis – When the nucleus divides to make sex cells.

4 Phases in Meiosis I 1. Prophase I 2. Metaphase I 3. Anaphase I 4. Telophase I

4 Phases in Meiosis II 1. Prophase II 2. Metaphase II 3. Anaphase II 4. Telophase II

Asexual Reproduction – new organisms are produced by one parent. Video asexual reproduction

3 Kinds of Asexual Reproduction 1. Fission – division of organism into 2 equal parts.

2. Budding – new organism grows from the parent. Hydra Budding

Video : 23 3. Regeneration- making new body parts. Starfish

DNA

DNA

DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid

Video stop at 2: 37 • Rosalind Franklin was the first person to discover DNA. • The 1 st DNA model was made by Watson and Crick. DNA is made up of 4 nitrogen bases 1. Adenine 2. Guanine 3. Cytosine 4. Thymine

Genes A section of DNA on chromosomes.

How DNA Copies Itself Step 1: enzyme breaks the nitrogen bases. 2 strands separate Step 2: bases pair up with new bases Step 3: sugar and phosphate form the sides of DNA.

Bad Mutation Unusual Bad Mutations

Good Mutation

Brain Pop: DNA Mutation – any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell.