Chapter 4 Motivation Individual motivation involves three aspects

Chapter 4: Motivation • Individual motivation involves three aspects: – Direction of decisions – Persistence – Intensity

Type of Motivation • Extrinsic v. Intrinsic • What is the debate regarding Behaviorism? • What did the Western Electric Studies show regarding this debate? • Atkinson believed that people either have an intrinsic desire to achieve (n Ach) or a desire to avoid failure. How do you feel about this? Are failure avoiders ever successful? • What do you think about the Gender issue “Fear of Success? ”

Differences • Individual difference and diversity are to be understood by administrators: both for motivational and assessment purposes. • Howard Gardner’s concept of Multiple Intelligences is important in understanding diversity.

“People are always motivated; in fact, they are never unmotivated. ” --Arthur Combs • Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs supports thisconcept. He indicates that we are all motivated based the most basic need that needs to be satisfied at a particular time.

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Porter’s Revision of Maslow

Frederick Herzberg’s Two. Factor Theory

Herzberg’s Motivators and Dissasitisfiers

From: Herzberg, F. , Mausner, B. , & Snyderman, B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. NY: John Wiley.

Implementing Herzberg’s Theory: Job Enrichment (Vertical Loading)