Chapter 4 Medication Preparations and Supplies Oral Tablet

Chapter 4 Medication Preparations and Supplies

Oral

Tablet Disc of compressed drug; may be coated to enhance easy swallowing. May be scored

Enteric-coated tablet Tablet with special coating that resists disintegration by gastric juices

Timed-release (Sustained. Release) Capsule containing drug particles that have various coatings that differ in the amount of time required before coatings dissolve

Lozenge Tablet containing palatable flavoring, indicated for a local (often soothing) effect on the throat or mouth

Suspension Liquid form of medication that must be shaken well before administration because the drug particles settle at the bottom of the bottle

Emulsion Liquid drug preparation that contains oils and fats in water

Elixir, fluid extract Liquid drug forms with alcohol base

Syrup Sweetened, flavored liquid drug form

Solution Liquid drug form in which the drug is totally evenly dissolved

Rectal

Suppository Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature

Enema solutuion Drug suspended in solution to be administered as an enema

Injectable

Solution Drugs suspended in a sterile vehicle

Powder Dry particles of drugs to be mixed with a sterile diluting solution

Intravenous Injected directly into a vein (immediate absorption)

Intramuscular Injected into a muscle positioning the needle at a 90 -degree angle

subcutaneous Injected into the fatty layer of tissue below the skin by positioning the needle at a 45 -degree angle

intradermal Injected just beneath the skin, by positioning the needle bevel up and the syringe at a 15 -degree angle

epidural Injected into a catheter that has been placed by an anesthesiologist in the epidural space of the spinal canal.

intracardiac Injected directly into the heart

intraspinal Injected into the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spinal cord.

Intracapsular (intra-articular) Injected into the capsule of a joint, usually to reduce inflammation as in bursitis

Topical

Cream or ointment Semisolid preparation containing a drug

lotion A liquid preparation applied externally for treatment of skin disorders

liniment Preparation for external use that is rubbed on the skin as a counterirritant

Dermal patch Skin patch containing drug molecules that can be absorbed through the skin at varying rates to promote a consistent blood level between application times

Eye, ear, and nose drops (gtt) Drugs in sterile liquids to be applied by drops

Eye ointment Sterile semisolid preparation, often antibiotic in nature, for ophthalmic use only

Vaginal Creams Medicated creams, often of antibiotic or antifungal nature that are inserted vaginally with the use of a special applicator

Rectal and Vaginal Suppositories Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature, for local effect

Douche solution Sterile solution, often as an antiseptic such as povidone iodine solution and sterile water, used to irrigate the vaginal canal.

Buccal tablet Tablet that is absorbed via the buccal mucosa in the mouth

Sublingual tablet Tablet that is absorbed via the mucosa under the tongue

Inhalable

Spray or Mist Liquid drug forms that may be inhaled as fine droplets via the use of spray bottles, nebulizers, or metered dose inhalers.

Gas Anesthetics, such as nitrous oxide, that are introduced via the respiratory route for general anesthesia