Chapter 4 Margin Review Questions How did Persian

Chapter 4 Margin Review Questions

How did Persian and Greek civilizations differ in their political organization and values? • Persians-Imperial political system built upon previous societies-Babylonian/Assyrian • Large geographic area-Egypt to India/35 million subjects • Cult of Kingship • Absolute rule • Administrative system-Satrap-twenty-three provinces/local leaders • Policy of respect for the conquered

• Greeks-Political organization(? )- hundreds of independent city-states each with 500 -5000 male citizens/not an empire/colonies around the Mediterranean and Black Sea • Culture of popular participation based on the ideas of citizenship-starts from wealthy to the lower classes • Athens most democratic-Solon-end of Aristocratic rule/debt slavery/extends citizenship/paid-still half of population left out

Why did semi-democratic governments emerge in some of the Greek city-states? • More men could afford weapons and serve in the military • Tyrants support the lower classes

What were the consequences for both sides of the encounter between the Persians and the Greeks? • Little impact on the Persians • Pride for the Greeks-Greek freedoms were the reason they won • Establishes East/West divide-West represents freedom and the East represents despotism

• Radicalized Athenian democracy-more want full citizenship-fifty years following the Greco. Persian wars see the high point of Athenian democracy • Golden Age of Greek Culture. Philosophy/Architecture/Theater/Science • Civil War (Peloponnesian War)-weakens relationships opening the door for Alexander the Great (Macedonian)

What changes did Alexander’s conquests bring in their wake? • Widespread dissemination of Greek culture to Egypt, Mesopotamia and India • Establishment of cities

How did Rome grow from a single city to the center of a huge empire? • Values: 1. Rule of Law 2. Rights of citizens 3. Upright moral behavior-keeping one’s word 4. Political system which offers protection to all classes

• Punic wars (with Carthage)-extends Roman control over the W. Mediterranean. Becomes a naval power. • Rich get richer. Poor want to get richer. • Location, Location • Army-well trained/fed/rewarded • Political support for expansion

How and why did the making of the Chinese empire differ from that of the Roman empire? • China old/Rome new • Preexisting traditions

How did the collapse of empire play out differently in the Roman world and in China? • Only Western half of Roman empire. Eastern half continued as the Byzantine Empire. • Invaders from the north for both, but in the case of China, invaders adopt Chinese culture. Rome-No • China reemerges as an imperial state (Sui). Rome- no large centralized state emerges

Why were centralized empires so much less prominent in India than in China? • India-failed to command the kind of loyalty and influence the Chinese were able to. • Cultural diversity • Invasions • Caste System