Chapter 4 I Established Denominations II NonEstablished Denominations
Chapter 4 I. Established Denominations II. Non-Established Denominations III. Colonial Worship
Chapter 4 IV. Indian Missions V. The Great Awakening
Background • • Henry VIII Edward VI Mary Elizabeth I • “Elizabethan Settlement”
Anglican Groups • Puritans • Low-church Anglicans • High-church Anglicans • Separatists
Puritanism • Believed in basic doctrines of the Reformation • God deals with mankind through covenants
Puritanism • Polity • Episcopal • Presbyterian • Congregationalists
Puritanism • Decline in fervor • “Owning” the covenant • Half-Way Covenant • Salem witch trials
Anglicanism • Present in Virginia from the beginning • Mostly low-church • Less inclined to start a “holy commonwealth”
Anglicanism • Spiritual decline • James Blair • William and Mary • Thomas Bray • SPCK and SPG
Anglicanism • Anglican church grew • In every colony • Established church in several colonies
Non-Established • Not supported by colonial laws or governments • Pilgrims were the first
Baptists Roger Williams Largest numbers in Pennsylvania • Congregational polity • Only believers are immersed • •
Quakers • • George Fox “Inner light” Plain worship Center of colonial Quakerism was Pennsylvania
Presbyterians Presbyterian polity Francis Makemie • Founded first presbytery in America • Court cases • •
Reformed Groups Dutch Reformed French Reformed • Huguenots • German Reformed • Mostly settled in Pennsylvania • •
Lutherans • Many originated in Germany • Largest numbers in Pennsylvania • Henry Mühlenberg
Anabaptist Groups • Would have nothing to do with the state • Mennonites • Amish • Many settled in Pennsylvania
Pietist Groups Pietism Moravians • Followers of Huss • Zinzendorf • Evangelistic • •
Catholics • Most colonists feared Catholicism • Centered in Maryland
Buildings • Often near center of town • Early churches were plain • Some were barns
Buildings • Buildings and pulpits became more elaborate over time • Many contained balconies
Services • Often had two services on Sunday • Catechism • Singing • Bay Psalm Book
Services • In early years, there were no instruments • Sermon
Indian Missions • Many colonists were genuinely concerned about the Indians’ souls • Roger Williams • Jonathan Edwards • John and Charles Wesley
Indian Missions • • • John Campanius Congregationalists Moravians • Cherokees of North Carolina and Georgia
Indian Missions • John Eliot • Algonquin Indians • David Brainerd • Journal • Eleazar Wheelock
Indian Missions • Gnadenhütten • David Zeisberger
The Great Awakening • Greatest activity 1740 -72 • Affected a period from the 1720 s to the early 1760 s
Background • • • A spiritual lull Desire for security Churches with unconverted members
Background • Little religious life on the frontier • “A surprising work of God”
Early Stirrings • Theodore Frelinghuysen • Gilbert Tennent • “New Lights” • “Old Lights”
Jonathan Edwards • • • Greatest theologian A Faithful Narrative Religious Affections
George Whitefield • Made seven preaching tours of the colonies • Anglican
In the South • Samuel Davies • Shubal Stearns • Baptist • Daniel Marshall • Samuel Doak
Results • Church growth • Presbyterians • Baptists • Number of religious colleges increased
Results • Transformation of spiritual life of churches • Tendency to unity • Brought divisions to some churches
Results • Political effects • Breakthrough for personal liberty • Democratic influence in churches
- Slides: 37