Chapter 4 Emotions Attitudes and Job Satisfaction Nothing

Chapter 4 Emotions, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction Nothing beats feeling good

Chapter 4 Study Questions What are emotions and moods? How do emotions and moods influence behavior? What are attitudes and how do they influence behavior? What are the job satisfaction trends and Issues? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -2

What are emotions and moods? Affect • Range of emotions and moods that people experience in their life context. Emotions are strong positive or negative feelings directed toward something or someone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1 -3

What are emotions and moods? Emotional intelligence (EI) • Ability to understand emotions in ourselves and others and to use that understanding to manage relationships effectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -4

Figure 4. 1: Four key emotional intelligence competencies Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &

What are emotions and moods? Self-conscious emotions • Arise from internal sources (shame, guilt, embarrassment, pride) and helps individuals regulate their relationships with others. Social emotions • Arise from external sources (pity, envy, jealousy) and information. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -6

What are emotions and moods? Moods • Generalized positive or negative feelings or states

Figure 4. 2: What are emotions and moods? Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &

What are emotions and moods? Major Emotions Joy Anger Love Fear Sadness Surprise Copyright

How do emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations? Emotion and mood contagion – spillover effects of one’s emotions and mood onto others. Emotional labor – relates to the need to show certain emotions in order to perform a job well. Emotional dissonance – emotions we actually feel are inconsistent with the emotions we try to project. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -10

How do emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations? Deep acting • Trying to modify feelings to better fit the situation. Surface acting • Hiding true feelings while displaying different ones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -11

How do emotions and moods influence behavior in organizations? Display rules • The degree

Figure 4. 3 Figurative Summary of Affective Events Theory Copyright © 2014 John Wiley

What are attitudes and how do they influence behavior? Attitude • Predisposition to respond in a positive or negative way to someone or something in one’s environment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -14

What are attitudes and how do they influence behavior ? � Cognitive component • Reflects underlying beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or information a person possesses. � Affective component • Specific feeling regarding the personal impact of the antecedent condition evidenced in the cognitive component. � Behavioral component • Intention to behave in a certain way based on the affect in one’s attitude. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -15

Figure 4. 4: What are attitudes and how do they influence behavior? Copyright ©

What are attitudes and how do they influence behavior? Cognitive dissonance • Describes a state of inconsistency between an individual’s attitudes and/or between attitudes and behavior. Cognitive dissonance can be reduced by: • Changing the underlying attitude. • Changing future behavior. • Developing new ways of explaining or rationalizing the inconsistency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -17

What are attitudes and how do they influence behavior ? Job satisfaction • An attitude reflecting a person’s positive and negative feelings toward a job, co-workers, and the work environment. Job Involvement • Extent to which an individual is dedicated to a job. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -18

What are attitudes and how do the influence behavior ? Organizational Commitment • Degree of loyalty an individual feels toward an organization. • Rational Commitment – Reflects feelings that job serves one’s financial, developmental, and professional interests. • Emotional Commitment – Reflects feelings that what one does is important, valuable and of real benefit to others. • Employee Engagement – A positive feeling or strong sense of connection with the organization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -19

What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Five facets of job satisfaction: • The work itself • Quality of supervision • Relationships with co-workers • Promotion opportunities • Rewards Pay Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -20

What is job satisfaction trends and issues? � Withdrawal behaviors • Dissatisfied workers are absent more frequently, more likely to quit, or at least on the lookout for different employment. • Employee absenteeism and turnover can result in �Loss of experience �Replacement costs for recruitment and training � Physical Withdraw and Psychological Withdrawal Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -21

What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Organizational Citizenship • A willingness to “go beyond the call of duty” or “ go the extra mile” in one’s work. Interpersonal organizational citizenship behaviors have individuals doing extra things that help others. Organizational citizenship behaviors advance the performance of the organization as a whole. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -22

What is job satisfaction trends and issues? Relationship between job satisfaction and job performance – three theories: • Satisfaction causes performance. • Performance causes satisfaction. • Rewards cause satisfaction and performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -23

What is job satisfaction trends and issues? � Theory: Performance causes satisfaction • Satisfaction Causes Performance – increase someone’s work performance, make them happy. OR • Performance Causes Satisfaction – The higher levels of lasting satisfaction come from high levels of job performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4 -24