Chapter 4 Ecosystems Components Energy Flow and Matter
- Slides: 23
Chapter 4: Ecosystems: Components, Energy Flow, and Matter Cycling “The Earth’s thin film of living matter is sustained by grand-scale cycles of energy and chemical elements. ” G. Evelyn Hutchinson
What Is Ecology The study of how organisms interact with one another and with their nonliving environment. Connections in nature
Important Terminology (Biology Review) Organism Any form of life Cell Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Species Groups of organisms Population Group of interacting individuals of the same species that occupy a specific area at the same time Genetic Diversity Variance in genetic makeup of populations Habitat Where a population normally lives
Levels Of Organization
Earth’s Systems Atmosphere Troposphere/Stratosphere Hydrosphere Liquid water Ice, icebergs, frozen soil layers Water vapor Lithosphere Crust and upper mantle Biosphere Where living organisms exist
Life On Earth Life depends on three interconnected factors 1. One-way flow of high-quality energy from the sun 2. Cycling of Matter 3. Gravity
Interconnected Factors
Ecosystem Concepts and Biomes Terrestrial portion of the biosphere has been classified into biomes. These biomes are characterized by: Distinct climate • Long-term patters of weather Specific landforms
Characteristics of Ecosystems No distinct boundaries nor self-contained Abiotic Factors Range of tolerance Limiting factor Biotic Factors Producers – autotrophs Consumers - heterotrophs • Herbivores • Omnivores • decomposers Carnivores Scavengers
Food Webs and Energy Flow Food Chain Food Web
Pyramids of Energy Flow
Biogeochemical Cycles Nutrient cycles – the nutrient atoms, ions, and molecules that organisms need to live, grow, and reproduce are continuously cycled from the nonliving environment and then back again.
Water Cycle
Water Cycle – Human Impacts Withdrawing large quantities of fresh water from streams, lakes, and underground sources. Clearing vegetation from land for agriculture, mining, road and building construction, and other activities. Modifying water quality
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Cycle – Human Impacts Clearing trees and other plants that absorb CO 2 through photosynthesis Adding large amounts of CO 2 by burning fossil fuels and wood
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle – Human Impacts Adding large amounts of nitric acid into the atmosphere when we burn any fuel. Adding nitrous oxide to the atmosphere through the action of anaerobic bacteria on livestock wastes and commercial inorganic fertilizers Removing nitrogen from topsoil
Phosphorous Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle – Human Impacts Mining large quantities of phosphate rock for use in commercial inorganic fertilizers and detergents Reducing the available phosphate in tropical forests by removing trees. Adding excess phosphate to aquatic ecosystems: Runoff of animal wastes Runoff of commercial phosphate Discharge of municipal sewage
Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur Cycle – Human Impact Burning sulfur-containing coal and oil Refining sulfur-containing petroleum Using smelting to convert sulfur compounds of metallic minerals
Ecosystem Services “All things come from earth, and to earth they all return. Menander (342 -290 B. C. )
- Chapter 4 lesson 2 energy flow in ecosystems
- Energy in ecosystems lesson 3 answer key
- Lesson 3 energy and matter in ecosystems answer key
- Energy naturally flows from warmer matter to cooler matter
- Flow of energy vs flow of matter
- Flow of energy
- Lesson 4: energy flow in ecosystems
- Section 1 energy flow in ecosystems
- Chapter 42 ecosystems and energy
- Matter cycling in ecosystems
- How does energy flow in an ecosystem
- Lab food chains and energy in ecosystems
- Chapter 2 section 1 classifying matter answers
- Section 3 energy in ecosystems
- Do birds eat squirrels
- Energy flow through an ecosystem is ----- *
- Provides practically all the energy for ecosystems
- Chapter 4 ecosystems and communities
- Savanna biome plants
- 6 biomes and aquatic ecosystems answers
- Chapter 55 ecosystems and restoration ecology
- Chapter 3 lesson 3 biomes and aquatic ecosystems
- Chapter 55 ecosystems and restoration ecology
- Parasitism examples